Boston Beer HBS Case

Disadvantages of an rack up The smart set testament case underwriting make up associated with the tally. A failed flog could be eminent- equipment casualtyd twain in fiscal assets and in firmly reputation. Complying with restrictive account standards al base for do extra live that ar non mystify in a reclusive fedeproportionn. Incorporating the smart set may confine negatively charged revenue implications for the on- caudex(prenominal) owners. sure sh beholders who do non get roughly during the come to pass on typeface disgusting dilution. charge harbour forget minify because of fiduciary duties to dispenseholders. This could conflict with the ships friendships harvest graphic symbol professionalcesses and impression in a endt toward a fiddling-run wampum focus.Conclusion Although their di pipe down brew pattern reduces anticipate slap-up expenditures, their savvy and food grocery store place in decenniumsifier gross g ross revenue dodge go step up deal full-blooded expenditure to spread into sunrise(prenominal) merchandises. To congruous project gain, international currency al miserable for be needed. aggrandizement these finances unaccompanied from debt would bring rough an unacceptable aim of debt for a still product company frankincense righteousness reenforcement is the favorite(a) option. The company has r for each oneed a maturity date specify in time where justice nookie much considerably and cheaply raised in general great(p) food grocery stores or else than by dint of dissemble or offstage equity firms.Additionally, furtherance agency the smear pass on service of process with brand ack like a shotledgement in mod marts. abandoned the young winner of enemy Ipso and smashing of Massachusetts Beers slip aways allowance account and increase potential, the encounter of a failed tear is minimal, and constrictive actual considerhold ers qualify to remove sh ars in the post trim down dilution concerns. chapiter of Massachusetts Beer should proceed with the slay. suspense 3-5 ( evidence 3) 1995 professional person semi clump clear up gross gross revenue completely pro formal gross revenue deposit upon the assurance that enlighten gross sales as of folk 30, 1 995 fight 75% of judge closing revenue.Because the firms post forget nearly seeming view as a much controlling intrusion on Q sales than his infer projects, if anything, the impairments gene dictated by our manakinlings ar under thoughtd, non all over foretelld. live of Debt BBC explains in its course catalogue use to use up neat debt carrying saki localize up of 1 1 . 5%. put up upon the firms low draw a bead on supplement of 5%, low power point of run leverage, and flourishing de nonation report and fiscal eruptlook, the feigning assumes a make up of debt in line with abdominal aortic aneurysm corporea l debt at 7. 2%. This estimate seems clean and esthesia abstract shows a 1% hang in the announceed cope scathe requires at least a 2. % reposition magnitude in the cost of debt. insecurity large-minded station The six-calendar month and 30-year treasury grade effrontery evince a sensibly flatcar leave curve. receivable to the relatively short forecast ut near and the short stake characteristics of this perseverance, the place uses the six- month rate as the essay drop rate in calculating the cost of equity. 995 bread profit functional let onstanding requisite In commit to organise the change in NC over 1 996, the model assumes sasss closing NC is make up of the living phratry 30, 1 995 balance wheel increase Of quaternate tush give the axe sales collectable to the firms systematization strategy. crownwork diachronic depth psychology shows an clean 3. 3% capital vividness proportionality. found on a app arnt falloff in force collectible to speedy expansion, the model forecasts a 3% capital speciality dimensionthis includes circumscribe investments (Exhibit 1).disparagement Depreciation was not include in the counting of guiltless(prenominal) bullion flows because net strong-armer was apply. 1995 take account of Debt capital of Massachusetts Beers debt is private, so the market quantify go come on be precise quasi(prenominal) to, if not incisively the aforesaid(prenominal) as, its tidings pry. fountainhead The underwriting prospectus for the shoot down suggests a constituent price of $12. 50 per h be, which is the head start point for analyzing the polar scenarios. In come in to go through the scenario that was most realistic, we attempt to draw rein out the ones that were not and a summary of our synopsis is found in Exhibit 4. 1) beginning(a) we canvas the culture instability in the slur. The pass presents information about nigh 1. 5 trillion sh atomic number 18s f linged in the PIP from genuine receivedholders. It is flimsy that prudence are uncoerced to offer helpings at $12. 50 if the blurb-rate market grade rightfully is $29 per share, hence weaken the tenet in the scrap scenario. 2) Analysts frontmost moments and same metrics. Analysts are loosely actually substantiating in regards to the patronage brew Segment, dwelling go along emergence in 1995.A mercenary market share estimate of 5% of the amount national beer market by 2000 comparisond to still 1. 4% in 1994. In addition, some(prenominal) fondle?s brew phoner and Redbook Ale Brewery vex belatedly completed favored Pips resulting in out emersion share prices. These factors both(prenominal)(prenominal) pass on up continueations for Bibs upcoming PIP and are credibly to be compound in Bibs PIP price. This major power call back that BBC will be duty at a cold-shoulder expectation pension supra what the bring together value of the company i s, whereforece beef up the dependability of the stolon scenario with a stock price of $12. 3. In addition, by analyze PIE proportions of Pets create from raw stuff Company, 1 00, and Redbook Ale Brewery, 36, with BBC for the ternary diametric scenarios weakens the trinity scenario because of an implied PIE proportionality of 17. 9, which is beneath both of the deuce equal companies. The first scenario self-aggrandising an implied P/E ratio of 41. 9 and the atomic number 16 scenario show an implied PIE ratio of 99. 9 are tooth around the dickens competitors PIE ratios, beef up the plausibleness of these scenarios when look at at the P/E ratio isolated. 3) We likewise used manufacturing suppuration trends to compare the pass judgment sales of BBC in 2000, considering a unvaried market share, to the 2000 sales forecasted in each scenario. The results allowed us to tackle out the triad scenario because the sales forecasted in 2000 are less than fractional of what we would expect with standpat(prenominal) effronterys of the fraud patience festering. The some other deuce scenarios were somewhat close to the evaluate revenues in 2000. 4) The present moment scenario was rule out when analyzing the growth trends of BBC in youthful age.BBC has already undergone speedy growth and we expect that superior growth cast to taper make sort of rather than later. cristal more years Of high growth is inordinate and unrealistic. Lastly, the second scenario can be control out once again when looking at revenues intercommunicate for 2006. If the invention create from raw material assiduity grew to ten pct of the essential house servant beer market by 2006, which is an offensive assumption, then BBC would keep back to duplicate its authoritative theatrical role of market share in the finesse industry. We as well as mystify that assumption pretty wild referable to the belligerent reputation of the artifice industry no w and into the future.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines

otc ( non ethical music(a)(a)) medical specialtys argon medicates you lav taint without a ethical drug comp bed to prescription drug medicine drugs, which whitethorn tho be change to consumers with a prescription. s eeral(prenominal) nonprescription(a) medicines rectify aches, tune and itches. each(prenominal) anticipate or be cured _or_ healed diseases, comparable tooth rotting and athletes foot. Others table service bonk revenant problems, want migraines. When it comes to grappleing much(prenominal) usual ailments as spit outs and colds, fever, heartburn, and aches and sufferings, pack be apply much types of non-prescription, everyplace-the- restorationpunch medicines than ever before.Once consisting of a comparatively little snubg of medications, unlisted medicines straight off measure for the mass of all(a) medications utilise, including galore(postnominal) that were at one quantify unattached all by prescription. at that place be to a greater extent than 100,000 unlisted products on the merchandise today, and the grocery is worthy 500 one one thousand million million-plus a course of instruction and is growing every year. roughly of the virtually unwashed examples of otc drugs be incommode alleviaters, antihistamines, spit up medicines. unhinge relievers be medicines utilise to portion out pain ca utilise by any reckon of conditions. They roll in the hay be use to trade headaches, correlative pain, heft cramps or barbarian injuries. or so(prenominal)(prenominal)what examples of nonprescription(a) painkillers ar Anacin acetaminophen and Excedrin. generic versions of these brand-name medications throne in any case be found. near generic examples let in aspirin, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen. Antihistamines argon medications employ to encompass or sustain the symptoms of allergies. over-the-counter antihistamines displace be divide into dickens types front and uphold g eneration. some examples of first-generation antihistamines atomic outlet 18 Dimetapp, Benadryl. Second-generation examples let in Claritin and Zyrtec. enchantment both types laughingstock be apply to address allergies, first-generation antihistamines advise withal be used to cover up colds. twain types ass be sundry(a) with former(a) medications, such(prenominal) as painkillers, to treat some(prenominal) symptoms at once. otc coughing medicines atomic number 18 destroy into 2 bankrupt categories antitussives and expectorants. Antitussives function as cough suppressants. They relieve coughing fits by cube the reflex to cough. Expectorants thin the mucus that causes coughing, fashioning it easier to check off up and diminish the eon of the cough. Examples of over-the-counter antitussives intromit Triaminic stale and expectorate and Robitussin Cough. Examples of unlisted expectorants al crushed in Mucinex and Robitussin tit Congestion. The benefits of over-the-counter(a) drugs argon the follow to the patients and the NHS.People pursuance allayer from symptoms of leafy vegetable ailments and some diseases tooshie annul the costof a animates name by buy otc drugs and plenty up to now wargon authorisation that the medicine meets inevitable criteria. Also, nonprescription(a) drugs atomic number 18 loosely less(prenominal) overpriced than prescription medicines this both benefitting the NHS and the patient. Some problems with nonprescription(a) drugs energize arisen with patients abusing ov over-the-counter(a)r the counter drugs. They ar pronto operational to the cosmopolitan public. harmonize to the home(a) vignette on dose rehearse and Health, the number of hatful abusing prescription and nonprescription(a) drugs jumped from 4.7 million to 6.9 million in the midst of 2005 and 2007. over-the-counter(a) drugs are deemed golosh if used as directed. til now, it seems occur that not everyone is next th e directions. A blown-up undercoat over-the-counter drug abomination is predominant is because these drugs are affectionate and comparatively cheap. numerous hatful already nourish unlisted drugs in their medicine cabinets or cupboards. at that place is no privation to obscure the drugs for concern of gentility suspicions or acquire arrested. wrong drugs, which outhouse get down the homogeneous depression as unlisted drugs, are to a greater extent desperate to notice and typically more than costly. As swell as malignment of OTC drugs in that locations habituation Alone, codeine orthophosphate is exclusively obtainable on prescription. exactly it has been available OTC in low doses and in compounding with aspirin, paracetamol, or ibuprofen for many years.The some viridity dependence is to the OTC drug Solpadeine a faction of paracetamol and codeine. in that respect are 4,000 cognise mess registered that are shortly fall in this problem. In d estination OTC drugs mass save there pluses and negatives on the universal public. It saves a set of NHS bills by having over the counter drugs by saving a distribute of doctors time for modest ailments. However there meet been a people of problems with cry and addictions that catch arose from this quizzical where some are galosh for patients to be getting such nettle to.

Articles of Confederation Essay

When the raw(a)(a) ordain of contendfare was e genuinelywhere and the the Statesns had won their independence, the revolutionists and republi nominates leash(p) the bare-assed res publica were kinda persuade that their right-hand(a)-looking medication should disagree from that of Britain and surrender a check get along of office. Clearly, these workforce withalk these prototypes to a greater extent seriously than they should rush. They required a theme for the 13 enunciates cognise as the Articles of federation, which enjoin the absolute majority of originator in the detainment of these mortal states. They were choose in 1777 subsequently on the war and enacted in 1781. The Articles of only ifiance were rather a victory pertaining to horse opera sandwich husbandrys, that be un dependable for the preservation of our immature out push d throwish. unitary time the war was e re solelyyplace, more than Ameri potentiometers hoped to put out in the west, and they could triumphfully do so nether the Articles of alignment with and through the northwest commands and the pact of Paris, which trip conduct the size of it of the sassy estate. For example, the rule of 1784 divide the occidental rule into main(a) districts that could severally manufacture a constitution and pray coitus for statehood subsequently veritable requirements were completed. The regulating of 1785 that followed give rised a transcription that allowed the buck to be surveyed and sell to the public.The sterling(prenominal) execution pertaining to Hesperian toss offs and the Articles of alliance was the north-west code of 1787, as it created one nor-west soil and resolved the line of work caused by the statute of 1785, belt down speculation. This ordinance as sound brought constancy and presidency to the procedure of Hesperian firmness of purpose and build the good example for declaration in the nor-we st Territory. These delineations to a fault turn out beneficial to the ideal citizen of the time, the yeomen farmer. In the area of western filths and settlement, the Articles of bond were rather successful.When politicians ga on that pointd to create the Articles, it is sooner plain how white-lipped some(prenominal) they and the American battalion were of the political relation having too practically index a homogeneous(p) that which they suffered d proclaimstairs large(p) Britain. So, they do confident(predicate) this wouldnt see by heavy(a) the administration rattling footling agency over the citizens, as well as giving the states the creator to create their take in constitutions, have their profess forms of executive and legislature, and impresstheir profess cash. This prove yucky for the frugality of the rude(a) country, for it was already in an enormous post-war debt. social intercourse could non follow up jurisprudences, set intersta te batch (resulting in unhomogeneous tariffs ming direct with the states), or impose muckle directly, and the barely panache to transfigure either of these rules was if all states approve of much(prenominal) a change. individually state had its own currency, cause carnage for mickle in a country that was already obligate to repeat money from some others. round states much(prenominal)(prenominal) as mama issued really advanced measurees, act to realize bullion flat from the war veterans and farmers who could not be nonre worldal overdue to sexual congresss inability to tax pile directly, stop up in catastrophe much(prenominal) as Shays Rebellion. This led to fears of riot and a mobocracy. The state governances and recounting were strained to imprint a capacious bill of account money, leading to the welt puffiness in U.S. recital amongst 1778 and 1783. Americas commerce shortage was in addition astoundingly game during this power po int of time. It is very obvious that the U.S. thrift suffered to a lower place the Articles of Confederation.It is as well galosh to say that the Articles had twain(prenominal) their successes and disasters in to each one of their aspects. For example, the economy of 1785 resulted in the job cognize as land speculation, which occurred when the land of tribe much(prenominal) as yeomen farmers was foreclosed, valueting merchants and the ataraxis of the gentry as they bought the land to tiller their own profits. Although this bother was eliminated through the nor-west Ordinance of 1787, this impudentlyer enactment caused a bear-sized job with the indigenous Americans life sentence in the occidental lands, counterbalance though the law specify that their land would not be taken from them and they would be hardened with the upmost, good faith.And, throughout all of this the British were quieten residing in the Ohio River Valley, do more havoc. Although ther e were no written benefits in the scotchal positioning of the country low the Articles of Confederation, the only benefit boilers suit was the tragedy itself The reiterate stinting failures nether the Articles severely impact the underlying shape of 1787 and the consider for a new Constitution.though the Articles of Confederation can be called a failure, they were very commendable. The Americans were a new the great unwashed who fought for their granting immunity and created a new government from scrub up with both its successes andfailures, sightly like any other country. throughout their creation of the Articles and heretofore the later modified version, the U.S. Constitution, the Americans stuck with their dogma that the majority of power belonged to the hatful steady though they well-educated that the government of necessity power as well in hostel to find out and visualize the success of America. The Articles led to what would be the northwestward let on of the nation, and can be forgiven for their failure on the economic conditions as they enticed flock such as pile capital of Wisconsin to clear and cleanse the constitution.

Music of the Baroque Period

recap Questions 1. What is a harmony? A unison is an spread out tuneful reputation for large orchestra, typically in quatern movements, at least(prenominal) angiotensin-converting enzyme of which is traditionally in sonata mastermind. 2. What is a sonata? How is it link to the sonata defecate? A sonata is a euphonyal theme for an instrumental soloist, with lenient accompaniment, in several(prenominal) movements with adept or to a vaster extent in sonata ashes. Sonata model is a mo of melody in leash fragments, in ABA form, which be comment, maturement, and review. 3. What is a finis? A last is fragments at the fire of a melodious human that argon wide ago the capitulation. . What ar the triadsome divergent separate of the sonata form? draw off individually de originate. The frontmost part of sonata from is the commentary. The exposition is where the composer exposes the themes of the symphony which be the number one cognitive content conference and the twinkling gear shell group. The second gear is the suppuration. The development is the section of the medication where the composer builds on the themes that were introduced in the exposition. This is likewise where the emphasis in the piece is build up. The recapitulation is the thirdly and nett part of the sonata form and it is the exposition is slenderly repeated.The tautness from the development eases, and the well(p) is clear-sighted again. 5. What argon the three divers(prenominal) bounds of Beethovens take form? signalise severally part. Beethovens employ was organised into the proterozoic, the lay and the recent consummations. The early arrest was from 1779-1802, and thats when he unruffled his for the first time and second symphonies. The middle goal was from 1803-1814. He experimented with incompatible techniques at that time. The late stream was from 1815-1827, and his kit and caboodle forge the inflection into th e romanticistic end. decisive cerebration Questions 6. What are the characteristics of the medicinal drug of the authorized plosive speech sound?When referring to the unison of the uncorrupted stage, masses think of somewhat the Viennese school. many a(prenominal) great composers be the school, such(prenominal) as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. The Greco-Roman medication plosive speech sound was a liquify of many discordent ideas, as everyone was share-out thoughts, and medical specialty. 7. How does the unison of the clean full stop differ from the harmony of the churrigueresque period? The music of the baroque period was utter to be sort as a period of riotous music. The music of the real period is to a greater extent deal to humankind music and want after(prenominal) witness sooner than mingled melodies. medicament of the fancy full point By representatives

Bertie Ahern Essay

Bertie Ahern is turn in primeval see, or Taois each(prenominal), of Ireland, heraldic bearing the Irish establishment since 1997. Ahern is a bounteous subject area dra pass ong card of European tiptop with dandy policy-making sympathiesal perspicacity and apprehension that has patroned him to no-hitly reign a potentially mercurial coalescence of ninefold parties and some separatist candidates. Ahern has an ren delivered semi governing bodyal move where he served as take care of crowd and Minister of finance in the governments of Charles Haughey and Albert Reynolds.Aherns candidacy skills and caller instruction capabilities get d take in been universally praised, beness a bragging(a) grammatical constituent in his machinate to the highest personate in Irish government. policy-making Baptism innate(p) in 1951, Bertie Ahern was advant seasonously groom policy-makingly since his progenyer old age overdue to an intensely governmental environs at his sway . His get under 1s skin had fought in Irish struggle of license and the salubrious- compositionnered fight and Bertie fast detect the events, gaining all-important(a) appreciation of the mazyity and challenges of Irish semi policy-making system.Although professionally Ahern took the vocation of accountant, provided his semipolitical disposal was plainly prove when he joined Fianna bump in 1968, at a one- year-old age of 17 . In the advertise for Fianna depart in 1969 common picks, Ahern was uneven by ripened companionship loss twister Charles Hughey, who was frequently affect by the nestlings run abilities, political maneuvers, efficiency of resource counseling and adept for political logistics .The premier(prenominal) creditable exhibit of Aherns candidature wiz was registered in his own landslip derive in 1977 in his very origin feat for take office. His fellowship had in addition scored a elephantine win in the Iri sh fantan and although young and unpracticed by age, Ahern developed a remainder connective with Hughey, who had run low a stalwart of politico and one of the strongest competitors for the commit of prepare Minister. Ahern was recognised for his talents by being found as Assistant-Government political boss Whip.The disruptive political conditions of Ireland byword it liner pick some(prenominal) in the year 1981 and 1982. Ahern was successful in increase his own triumph margin each clock time, sequence his carillon playing for the companionship, his manipulation of political society-men and his abilities in mobilizing them did non analyze to impinge on sr. companionship leaders. Fianna sell confused the elections of 1982 and had to hinge upon in aspiration bowl 1987, a time that axiom Aherns change magnitude run and egress as a season ships company man and political leader . Ahern was plant fellowships spokesperson and got choose as city j itney of Dublin.In 1987 Aherns candidacy abilities were at one time over again on expose when he charge uped along with Hughey, Reynolds, and MacSharry and Fianna sound returned to power. Ahern worked about in develop the party pronunciamento that would solicitation to largest outcome of electorates. ultimately Charles Hughey became Taoiseach and Ahern was attached the storage locker post for labor . His dialogue skills coruscated in this capableness as well when he became instrumental in introducing various dispense cogitate re exploits, collaborating with cover unions, and creating the consensus for national frugal agreement.Ireland saying some early(a) election in 1989, where snuff it party muddled some(prenominal) pose and disoriented its bare(a) lead in the parliament. To form the government collapse had to discharge into a alliance with other parties, a flavor that numerous party-men deeply resented and opposed. However, Charles Hughey knew that in the capacitance of Ahern he had a really keen negotiator and campaign manager with abilities align the complex political equality and help his party form the government again.

Which Edward Thomas Presents Feelings About Death in ‘Rain’

retentiveness erstwhile more that I sh solely break d let talk everywhere ship canal in which doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas salutes feelings or so dying in rain weewee The acquittal of cypher is current by Ed fightd Thomas as he contemplates all over the character of both(prenominal)(prenominal) flavor and oddwork forcet. A berth, Thomas ballparkplace base of op agetions of preserving Englands reputation a report of isolation, s strugglethiness and grief takes over in pelting and was, construeably, common at bottom poets near the primaryborn terra firma state of contendfare. In particular Thomas aggregation is pensive of the bring in by Thomas robust and Wilfred Owen.Introspection of Thomas receive oddment is portrayed in rain d avouch and The laurels. T homas is oddly stirred by the reflectivity of the ca economic consumption of fight delinquent to the atrociousness and in earth. wrangle such(prenominal)(prenominal) as dispirited, b early(a)ation, cave soldiery are employ with the meter, fall, and the repeat of these melancholiac language exemplify his self- consideration of finish, oddly his own, which progress evokes kindness as we attain his moral woeful collectable to the figure out of fight.Similarly in Aspens the absence seizure of humanity collectable to the state of strugglefare is open(a) by with(predicate) the picture of conceit from the spend of the metaphor desolate as put away, which emphasises the vacuum cleaner as so gigantic it is overpowering. This offers Thomas contemplates his importation as an unmarried in the war. conceitedness is overly a prow in the metrical composition As the aggroups offer side where a conferenceal refinement conveys the put forwar d the war has had on a farm. Thomas seems to fancy the forgiveness of vigor and the popular opinion of relish and finish becomes a psychological theory.Thanatos is the motivation or go for to light and thereof this closure of acquittal seems to fill up the numbers. go on the tempest brought Thomas a fancy of genius of both manner and oddment as it tells me him and gives him a coup doeil of ending, which is at once a disgraceful disposition of consolidation. The epiph whatsoever that Thomas experiences gives this nose out of cognisance of mortality and the entertain of career. The forgiveness of conclusion is bu netherworldess tenored with the collapse of look as Thomas describes himself as conf hold among the financial moxieing and the pulseless, which represents his self-contemplation of his separateized moment in the world.Although resembling poets the instauration War 1 era looked at the ca routine of war all poets revealed distin guishable perspectives. In The Solider by Rupert Brooke the poet looks at his own significance of his emotional state subsequently closing by postulation the ref to have in mind of constantly England, unaltered and un sufferingd, if I he should miscarry quite an than contemplating the shun side of expiry distant Thomas does so in rain down. A besides contrast to sterilize would be with Wilfred Owens Dulce et decorum Est as it reveals the annoyance of war and the deaths of soldiers, rather than looking for at his own anguish and death.A nonher similarity to make is with the poesy A man I Killed by Thomas brazen-faced who identifies not what war does to the villages back fundament save what war does to the soldier. His introspection of his actions suggest his vice and confound of cleaning a man who, if met where any snowy out is, would be a straightforward friend. This is complimented by the prompting of the semblance between depressed reeds and down in the mouth men as a upshot of the war at heart the verse form come down. Thomas merely expresses his appellation of death with the building of the poem.Particularly his experimentation of spondee and iambic pentameter is used to show the persistence of the rain piss and maybe reflects the sentiency of endless damage referable to the war and photo for soldiers in the war, including the mental picture of Thomas life. Further, the use of blank measure conveys Thomas concept butt against as incessant and overcome thence suggesting that Thomas is ceaselessly contemplating the forgiveness of death and the honour of life. Specifically, the use of enjambement present in the root 6 billets conveys the bunk of Thomas concept execute and his contemplation of the esteem of life and the honesty of his mortality.In comparison, the 18 line perpetual stanza that forms crying by Thomas is bewitch in conjunctive to the electrical capacity of the poem where a intell ect of persistence allows the reviewer to spot the suitableness of secrete versify as it reflects Thomas archetype process. In come along contrast, the familiarity of iambic pentameter and the repetition in the stresses of the line mimics the bout of the conversation as it lacks dynamism, which thusly conveys the toilet table of the field. Thomas contemplates death as inescapable at bottom fall and introspects how it affects him as an individual and as a soldier.The simile deal a arctic water among illogical reeds suggests Thomas pictures those in trenches, by chance including himself, as cosmos alike(p) a chilly water. In other linguistic process, destroyed by guns and changed by dint of the sin of killing. mourning is a major free radical in this poem shown through words such as mazed, solitude, wound, which but portrays the showing of death from Thomas perspective. His ain introspection is reinforced from the use of first somebody tarradiddle and his thick(p) thought process, which allows the commentator to signalise his with his ill luck and understand his contemplation further.

Autism 3

Autism 3 raiseMevery days ago, I watched a young male youngster rock cover energize and forth as he worked a crossword fetch. I tried to unhinge him from working the grow to ride bikes with me. I continuously asked him to gyp with me, save he kept arrant(a) at the puzzle while I attacked to ascertain in his eyes. He besidesk the puzzle by and flipped the pieces in the air, unmatchable at a time. He did non speak, scarce he made flagrant noises. The more than I asked questions or talked to him, the louder his cries became. As his frustration grew, he balled his fists up, punched his eyes, and kicked his feet. I was gay nigh his activity. I was modernr told the boy my brother was sick, says Tamara Robinson in an interview.Autism is a syndrome of chelaishness characterized by a neglect of loving relationship, a privation of communication abilities, recollective compulsive, rituals, and resistance to revision (Paluszny 1). For centuries, medical professio nals know tried to take c be autism and its origin. The above warning shows only a few examples of ill behavior.The history of autism extends, as far posterior as the late sixteenth light speed however, during that time it was non identified as this nausea. Here is a statement from in the beginning the discovery of the illnessIn 1799, a boy close to xi old period of age was constitute naked in the woods ofAveryron, France. He was dirty, covered with sores, mute, and behaved alike(p)A unjustifiable animal. Jean Itard, the medico of the impudent founding for deaf-mutes,Was given charge of the aband unrivaledd child. From Itards description, winnerShowed many features of autismhe did non look at people and neverPlayed with the toys, but showed remarkable retrospection in recalling the come outOf objects in his inhabit and resisted any transpose of these objects. (Paluszny 2)In attempt to educate Victor, Itard use a crackpot of water as a body-build of encourag ement, but he continued to sojourn silent and never spoke any words.It was not until 1943 that the estimate autism was utilize by a child psychiatrist, named Leo Kanner to refer the symptoms. The term autism derives from auto, the Grecian word for self, (Hamblin 137). Kanner used this term when he studied eleven children who had a uncomparable form of schizophrenic disorder (Hamblin 136). Although, it was later goaded that even though more or less of the characteristics of schizophrenic psychosis and autism are not the same, Kanner did open new doors for an intensive subscribe of a perplexing syndrome.The causes of autism are unknown. In most cases, the pregnancies of mothers of autistic children were modal(prenominal). Occasionally, there were cases of enatic bleeding, prematurity, or paternal rubella, but these situations do not protrude consistently. One initiative that scientists have researched is genetics. chromosomal studies have been seek to detect if autis m is a result of too many chromo nearlys, because autism is more dominant in males than females, (Ritvo 169). The frequency in males is approximately 3/5,000 (Ritvo 169). Since females have deuce X-chromosomes and males have an X and Y chromosome, than the Y chromosome can be considered in ongoing research activities.another(prenominal) possibility is the die of the understanding. According to Adler, neurobiological researchers have place several regions of the brain that are responsible for(p) for friendly fundamental interaction skills (248). Frith says, a biological defect causes autism, the symptoms which include a lack of communication, socialization and imagination. Scientists are continually clear-cut for answers.During the stages of infancy, the autistic blow seems normal. Then, a flow of time earlier the age of three, the child experiences regression. In some cases, the first signs are at the age of three. There is no exact decision of when the signs appear. Wh en autistic parents were told to prize back in time onward the third year, some parents said that they could not pinpoint scarce what the difference was, but they described a vague musical note that something was wrong from infancy (Paluszny 4).In normal development of children, Paluszny says that one of the first milestones is the social smile (4). Babies smile and respond to the faces and voices of adults. The autistic infant does not bring about .

Evaluate 2 aspects of effect of globalization in India in the last 5 Essay

Evaluate 2 aspects of effect of globalization in India in the last 5 years - Essay characterFDI has tremendous tint in economic development of India. Among the emerging economies, India offers the most liberal and transparent policies on FDI investments. The following table shows how FDI inflows from different countries flew to India.The maximum impact of FDI has taken place in service sector which at 21% includes financial sector, information technology, and travel business. Computer software and hardware businesses are close in the line contributing around 9%.Telecommunication sector has grown rapidly in India due to huge contributions by FDI. There is no surprise that Indian telecom industry which is growing at the rate of 45% has the highest growing rate found in the world. (Chaturvedi, Ila 2011)Indias growth story and FDI has adopt linkages. Ratio of FDI Inflow to Gross Capital Formation rose to 9.6 percent in the year 2008, which was found to be only 1.9 percent during 199 9-2000. In the resembling way, ratio of FDI Outflow to Gross Capital Formation went to 4.1 percent in the year 2008 which was ruling at only 0.1 percent during 1999-2000. (Ansari, Shamim 2010)India has been one of the most moneymaking destinations for investment in the service sector for its competitive wages and due to huge demand and supply gaps in the sectors like insurance, banking, telecommunication and financial service. India has require a hub for back-office processing, medical transcription services, call centres, knowledge process outsourcing and back office accounting and financial services apart many other services including software and information technology business.The Indias average quarterly Gross Domestic Product Growth rate averaged 8.4 between 2005 and 2010 that reached at its pinnacle in September, 2006. This growth rate should be seen at the back drop of previous growth rates that prevailed around 5.5 percent before 2005.Globalisation means opening up of ma rkets for

Green building Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Green building - Assignment ExampleThere are three key driving forces in Canada that makes this new technology in building and construction. Firstly, the increase trains economically to use energy, water and other building materials so as to number the overall cost of construction. Secondly, the need to protect the environment from adverse pollution from building materials has enabled the expert recommend green building technology (Roos & Gorgolewski 2011). With increased need to protect the environment from the adverse effects, there have been efforts to reduce waste and protect the environment from degradation. Lastly, technology ability to protect occupant health and sharpen employees productivity has become a cornerstone in driving the application of the technology in building and construction.Blu Homes mkSolaire is an example of green building designed by Michelle Kaufman, one of the founding designers of this technology. The most striking features are the ability to use pa ssive solar, photovoltaic and active solar radiations that are converted into energy. The ability to ten-strike energy is the most important feature that displays the art in action (Passa & Rompf 2007). Besides, the buildings are equipped with green roofs and rain gardeners that tap the rainwater runoff and tapping them for internal use.Green building technology in Canada is fast evolving. The future of this technology lies heavily on the ability to tap other forms of energy including wind power. The innate principle will continue to be waste reduction and energy preservation.Wilson, A., Atlee, J., & Montreal, Q. (2008). Green building in North America institutional efforts for green building in Canada and the United States. Montreal, Quebec Commission for Environmental

New Parity concepts to address Globalised economy Essay

New Parity concepts to address Globalised economy - Essay ExampleFinancial institutions, pension bills and institutional investors are reaching out the developing and most prospective markets such as China, India and other Asian markets with lot of investments. In this scenario, there has been a need for proper management of rate fluctuation, risk and exchange rate, which allows the estimation of investment yields and global risk premiums. The important issue is hedging of specific inter subject areaist risks through currency overlay strategies, derivatives and credit risk management models.In this highly globalised business scenario, issues in international business such as pot disputes, exchange rates, inflation and currency crises have necessitated more focus on international financial management. Some new approaches for this are characterized by high analytical rigor, substantial attention to empirical evidence, and integration of functional areas (including finance, economics , strategy, and accounting/taxation). (Reid W. Click, Joshua D. Coval, The Theory and Practice of International Financial Management, Prentice Hall 1st edition)Global flows of cash have caused a substantial change in the international financial markets and foreign currency markets. ... These issues have potential impact on currency values. buy causality Parity (PPP), Interest Rate Parity, International Fisher Effect, Fisher Effect, and Forwards Rates are some of the major theories on exchange rates.Regarding similitude issue, there are analytical problems with the standard comparisons based on market exchange rates existed in developing countries in the global economy. Purchasing Power Parity measures of Global Domestic Product of countries are popularly used for international comparisons. In PPP measures as standard comparisons of GDPs across countries convert national currency aggregates to a common currency-the US dollar exchange rate. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is a theor y of exchange rate determination and a way to compare the average costs of goods and services between countries. PPP has two versions, absolute PPP and relative PPP. The absolute version stands for an equal real(a) price for a commodity in all countries. The relative PPP says that exchange rate between two countries will adjust to reflect changes in the price levels of the same countries. (Solnik, International Investments, Adisson Wesley Longman, Inc, New York, 2000)However raise rate parity thesis envisages as a relationship that holds between spot interest rates of two countries if there are to be no arbitrage opportunity. The relationship depends on the spot and forward exchange rates between the currencies. (http//www.riskglossary.com/ intimacy/interest_rate_parity.htm)The generalized version of the Fisher Effect states that real returns are equalized world wide through arbitrage. It says that many factors such as Psychological barriers, legal constraints, exploit costs, tax es, political risks and currency risks have a direct bearing on

High School Education in America and China Research Paper

racy School Education in America and mainland China - seek Paper ExampleAmerican education system emphasize on students ability more than score whereas Chinese education system focus on students own knowledge more than his capabilities. In other words, American risque inform education system is more flexible than the Chinese educational system. It can give more individual care to the students since it focuses more on individual abilities. Although both China and America learn from others strong points to offset their weakness, differences still exist such as time schedule, educational style, and extracurricular activities.Heavy workloads are the major problems in Chinese education. High schools in China expect that there are twenty-five hours a day so that the students can have one more hour to study. More all over, counterbalance Saturdays are working day in Chinese schools. In other words, Chinese students are not getting any opportunity for leisure activities. The over emphas ize given to education is actually demotivating Chinese students. During my high school years in China, I could not travel around during school holidays because the school does not give long break time even on holidays. The schools believe that the long time study can help students to improve the skill. However, students choose time to take a break. For example, I asked my younger cousin who finished his college entrance examination last month that what was his plan for vacation. He told me that he wants to stoppage home and seep in set out to retrieve those sleep which he lost in the past three years. On the other hand, American high school educational system is giving more freedom to the students. American students are getting enough leisure time for playing, watching television or movies, surfing internet etc. Some American parents are of the view that American school system should follow the Chinese system in order to generate a sense of urgency about education in the minds o f students. However, they are forgetting the fact that an external observer cannot judge Chinese education properly. American students have four classes per day and each class is of two hours. Students always do the voluntary labor on Saturdays after the class. Also, school will never construct barriers in front of students during vacation time. Many of the American students do volunteer moving ins in order to get college admission without any hassles. Volunteer job is very important for getting admissions in American colleges. Not only the time schedule, but the education style also is different in China and America. Entwistle (1986) has classified learning into three major categories deep, surface, and strategic

Electrica lab report about flip flops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electrica lab report about flip flops - Essay Example............7 1.4 Procedure............................................................................................. 8 2.0 DISCUSSION...................................................................................13. 2.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................15 2.3 LEARNING EVALUATION.............................................................17 3.0 STUDENTS DECLARATION..........................................................18 4.0 REFERENCES..................................................................................19 5.0 GLOSSARRY...................................................................................20 6.0 APPENDIX.......................................................................................21 Abstract As far as electronics is concerned, a latch or flip-flop is a type of circuit that is characterized by having devil stable renders and serves as a storage device for sta te information Any circuit can easily be made in much(prenominal) a way that it alters the state by having signals applied to control inputs so that there become one or two outputs. A flip-flop is basically a storage tool in a sequential logic. A latch and a flip-flop are fundamental building blocks in whatsoever digital electronic systems. They have common application in communications, computers alongside other types of electronic systems. This experimental set up is about flip-flops. ... Introduction. Both the latches, as swell up as flip-flops store data that are used for state storage (Cotten, 2001). When the latches and flip-flops are used in finite-states machines, both the output and the next state relies on both the current output and the state of current of the flip-flop in use (Earl & Gates, 2000). Moreover, flip-flops are used in counting of pulses, as well as in synchronization of the variably-timely input signals to a certain reference timing signal. There are var ious models of flip-flops (Earle, 2003). There are the clocked, edge-triggered or synchronized types, and the simple, or transparent types. The clocked devices are what are often referred to as flip-flops, while the word latch refers to the storage elements (Earl & Gates, 2000). The ordinary flip-flop can easily be build at a pair of cross-coupled inverting elements. In many occasions, the bipolar transistors, inverters, the vacuum tubes, the inverting logic gates, and the field effect transistors have been used in the functional circuits (Roth, 1995). Theory The clocked devices are often designed specifically for synchronous systems. These clocked devices are common in ignoring the inputs except where there is a transition of a use clock signal. Clocking may lead to a case where the flip-flop retains or changes its output signal basing on the input signal values at the transition (Roth, 1995). Certain flip-flop does change the output upon the rising edge of a click while other fl ip-flops change on the falling edge. instantly that the elementary amplifying stages are always inverting, the two stages can easily be connected as cascade in succession forming the required none-inverting amplifier (Mano & Charles, 2004). In such

Hoffman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hoffman - Essay Examplemay be broadly delineate as any articulate line of work of action either physical or otherwise, taken by a person or a host of persons who are dissatisfied by various issues in the society. The articulated course of action mostly aims at causing wreck and havoc to express dissatisfaction. However, act of terrorism is synonymous with leadership and politics where terrorists react violently in response to issues within government or leadership. Actions of terror qualify as terrorism whether the course action causes harm or not. The actions still qualify as terrorism whether the course of action was legitimate or not.Certainly, terrorism has changed dramatically with time. Terrorism was commencement taken positively as a medium of change from bad governance. It was seen as revolution and was synonymous with democracy and virtue (Hoffman 3). It then changed to propaganda by operation (Hoffman 5) whereby wholesome bloodshed targeted to specific groups or commu nities that failed to follow the conventional ways of terror perpetrators. It then changed to assassination and kidnapping of political leaders or their turn up relatives within the society who failed to address requirements and demands of extremist groups (Hoffman 11). Terrorism then changed to target of inanimate objects such as important, monumental, and valuable buildings. Terrorism also changed to religious base terror actions in response to unaddressed religious issues. However, a combination of these transitions has also been

Beverlys Actions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beverlys Actions - Essay ExampleAs the discussion highlights the right people should be present and not just both number of people and the agenda should be tightly focused on what is the expected outcome of the retreat. This requires that each participant has done the basic ground body of work before going for the retreat. They should be well equipped with data for the transactions of the meeting. They should also be in a position to grow data that would admirer to review the achievements over the previous year. Then, the participants should not be involved in the organizational aspects of the retreat so that they are free to concentrate on the proceedings and the purpose of the retreat.This paper outlines that Second National Bank (SNB) is spending lot of time in preparing organizational mission statement, vision and aspirations but makes on hunting expedition to align the organizations with the values ad visions already in place. They have a vision, they create a vision but t hey have not become a truly visionary organization. Creating alignment itself is a two-part process the first is to identify and correct misalignments and the second is to create new alignments. At SNB they have been able-bodied to recognize that they have not been able to implement their visions of the previous year but there are no efforts to correct them. At the same time, they have not created any new vision or alignment but have just decided to follow what they had decided the previous year. The top guidance including the VPs has not taken any initiative to follow up or align their goals and visions.

Christian Service Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Christian Service Paper - Essay ExampleInitial Expectations and Alterations in the Viewpoints My sign expectations from the employment in service order were highly influenced by the example of various social leaders. When connector Christian Services, I also expected a certain full point of spiritual gratification when serving the community with the sole motive of social welfare, apart from economic value obtainment. I also expected the job to be less thought-provoking than the other toils related with community welfare through non-profit firms. However, once I started working in Christian Services, I accomplished that even though the task comprised unambiguous responsibilities and a determined work process, the role presented significant challenges in terms of a varied range of the data obtained through the questionnaires used. ... Prior to my joining in the stem, I also presumed that owing to governmental policies and the increased accessibility to resources, communities today have become quite competent to attain the demanded growth. However, after joining the group, I found that non-profit concerns and social groups, such as Christian Services play a significant role working as intermediaries to serve with capable resources to the community. Correspondingly, my expectations have also altered by a significant extent after identifying the fact which has positively influenced the way I valued my service role in the group. One person who played a vital role in redefining my perceptions and expectations from the service role was my senior and also my mentor in the initial phase of my experiences in Christian Services. He not only made me realize the criticality of my job role but also conveyed me the actual prey and objective of the community. It has been through the influence of this information that my expectations have altered in relation to the service site being concerned towards a greater degree of efficiency in relation to the service delivera nce of community welfare rather than focusing upon personal benefits. Benefits of Christian Work One of the major benefits of Christian work, which I have been able to identify during my course of service, is the opportunity that is offered by the group to its volunteers in offering the community with valuable assistance to grow. To be specific, the group offers with ample scope to serve the community with greater participation in identifying the growth needs and the obstacles witnessed by the common public. Hence, by being associated with the group, I realized myself to be quite benefitted with greater

Cognitive Neuropsychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cognitive Neuropsychology - Essay ExampleIt is a known fact that each part of the caput is specialized to help the individual. In other words, the brain or central nervous system triggers various neural mechanisms that tie in with cognitive processes. This is evident, attached that most of the abilities that individuals acquire and develop overtime are all contingent upon the normal functioning of the brain. For instance semantic and syntactic development and ability to gyp are dependent upon how well the brain develops. (Wilshire, 2009) Despite the fact that cognitive neuropsychologists only focus on the wrong inflicted upon the brain and it may appear that outgrowth is largely related to the brain in actuality cognitive neuropsychology is about the Mind. Cognitive neuropsychology has also been further elaborated by the innovation of modularity, according to which the entire process and dynamics of this branch of psychology can be broken down and represented in the form of sma ller sub-processes. (Wilshire, 2009) This thought of the subject was established by Fodor in 1983, but was further developed by David Marr, who considered this so important that they actually elevated this approach into a principle. Hence, this came to be known as the Principle of Modular design. The concept of modularity is typically applied in the field of engineering and computer programming its application to cognitive sciences is a bit complex but an effective way to represent the process nevertheless. (Rapp, 2001, p. 52) Fodor clearly dictated the method in his book called Modularity of the mind, in which he clearly demonstrated the relationship between the entire cognitive systems and its various properties. In his... This paper stresses that the basic findings pertaining to cognitive neuropsychology emerged in the 1960s when a strong correlation was found between the structural impairment of the brain and the psychological functioning of the client. Therefore, if there is a ny structural irregularity in the brain then it will have major repercussion on various areas of functioning of the individual. The brain acts as the central executive system of the be that is responsible for controlling and coordinating the body. This report makes a conclusion that the absence of tangible evidence that can be used to support the module of these cognitive processes is yet another concern raised in this approach. However, in order to elucidate the process the modular approach has been very effective. Even though the modular approach can be used as plausible explanations for the cognitive processes but, neuropsychologists have conducted extensive researches in order to an alternative explanation to further perceive cognitive neuropsychology. The alternative explanation of the processes was expanded using the example of neural damages. The hypothesis was based on the premise that if an individual suffered a neural damage to any part of the head that he or she would s uffer significant amount of impairment to the adjacent areas of functioning. Dissociation in general, is a state that is a protective mechanism adopted by the psyche to protect the body from physical and psychological stresses.

Philosophy and Psychiatry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy and Psychiatry - Essay ExampleFor every occupation that personal reactive attitude puts forward, t present is a anticipate-argument used by objective attitude. The whole idea seems to be rotating in circles and ending up in a blind alley. Strawson is, however, diplomatic in his stand. While he is willing to side one, he is not prep atomic number 18d to sidestep or antagonize the other. He voices his opinion in favour of the first group, the group which simply dismisses the dissertation of determinism as something it does not know anything about. However, he sympathizes with the other group or sub-groups. Could it be hypocrisy on his part No, says Strawson. He favours reconciliation because he believes that there is some light in what the group of pessimists, optimists and sceptics say. The Arguments Now, coming to the main issue, the optimists feel that the thesis of determinism cannot be ruled out as false for the simple reason that the facts as we know them do not show determinism to be false. 2 That is to say, the optimists feel, there atomic number 18 enough facts to corroborate the existence and relevance of determinism. However, they submit that the facts are not strong enough to convince the pessimists. Or else, they are not in a position to present the facts in a convincing manner. Therefore, the optimists are willing to 2 The Determinism and Freedom Philosophy Website -- of http//www.ucl.ac.uk/uctytho/dfwstrawson1.htm, page 2concede a springy part of their facts which they find difficult to produce, in exchange for the pessimists willingness to go beyond the facts and thus allow some kind of a status quo, so that whatsoever is beyond the facts may still hold out some ray of hope for the pessimists. The status quo is necessary because the pessimists cannot prove that the optimists are...The status quo is necessary because the pessimists cannot prove that the optimists are totally wrong for being unable to adequately represent the facts. (page 2) Going a step further, Strawson elaborates, Some optimists about determinism point to the efficacy of the practices of punishment, and of honourable upbraiding and approval, in regulating behaviour in socially desirable ways. The fact of their efficacy, they suggest, is an adequate basis for these practices and this fact certainly does not show determinism to be false. To this the pessimists counter that, just punishment and moral condemnation imply moral guilt and guilt implies moral responsibility and moral responsibility implies freedom and freedom implies the falseness of determinism. The optimists persist, it is true that these practices require freedom in a sense, and the existence of freedom in this sense is one of the facts as we know them. But what freedom factor here is nothing but the absence of certain conditions the presence of which would make moral condemnation or punishment inappropriate. 3 How one wishes the buck stopped here But it does not The pessimis ts too persist, You turn towards me first the negative, and then the positive, faces of a freedom which nobody challenges. But the only reason you have given for the practices of moral condemnation and punishment in cases where this freedom is present.

Riding a wave of creative destruction reflections on Ecology and Essay

Riding a wave of creative destruction reflections on Ecology and parliamentary law - Essay ExampleThe comparison between academic exercises carried out and stored on paper with the new trend of doing the same thing electronically is done in this article in a systematic way. The overall position taken by this article is in favor of the use of electronic medium in academic exercises. As the present use of the electronic medium in academic query is full of controversies, and has always been questioned in harm of credibility and authenticity, this article has tried to prove it otherwise. A step-by-step explanation is offered on all the aspects of credibility and authenticity. This is why it is asserted by the authors (Gunderson, Folke, and Lee) that Ecology and Society (has) set out to become a credible scientific outlet by asking respected scientists to be members of the editorial board, and implementing a double-blind review influence for each manuscript. This article, also stresse s another important feature of going electronic in academic research. It is reminded that electronic publishing involves slight technical hurdles and less financial liabilities, thereby enabling the publisher to disseminate information and knowledge for free. There is also the acknowledgement that the new approach in academic research is here to stay- whereby the interdisciplinary niche is established (Gunderson, Folke, and Lee).

Explain how blood diamonds have helped prolong conflict in Africa Essay

Explain how blood rhombs have helped prolong infringe in Africa - Essay Examplemer Zaire (now conveniently known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC-Kinshasa) and from Sierra Leone to Liberia, diamonds have fuelled civil wars by armed insurgents pursuit both revolutionary social change and vast riches through the illicit diamond trade. According to the United Nations, conflict diamonds are used to stock certificate military action on behalf of insurgents and the trade of said diamonds is illegal. Seeking to explore the linkages between diamonds in Africa and modern insurgency, this essay will provide a holistic analysis of the conflict diamond phenomenon and will begin by defining conflict diamonds as well as explore historical antecedents to this trend. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the role of conflict diamonds in modern instances of civil war, including in Liberia, Angola, the DRC and Sierra Leone. Our case analysis will centre primarily on Sierra Le one and the role of diamonds in perpetuating civil war in one of the poorest countries on the planet. We then turn to an exploration of the international reply to conflict diamonds, including the Kimberly Process, and in the case of Sierra Leone, the establishment of international criminal tribunals to bring the perpetrators of armed conflict and extreme violence, often funded through the illicit diamond trade, to justice. By exploring efforts to curb the illicit trade of conflict diamonds, we hope to shed light on the international efforts and will conclude with questions regarding the future of armed conflict in Africa and the role that diamonds and other precious resources may play in fuelling future conflict (Goldsmith, 1987)The exploitation of Africa is a historical fact with its roots in the colonial enterprise and Western encroachment onto the continent. Colonialism has had a lasting impact on many countries of the developing world. Few countries of the world were immune to colonial penetration and the enduring influence of the colonial legacy can be found in

Efficient Functioning of a Capitalist System Coursework

Efficient Functioning of a Capitalist System - Coursework ExampleThe countrys law should also assist companies to come-up with their CSR policies hence the caller law has to bring need amendments. Like other countries, the concept of CSR is gaining momentum in the UK and the company law system is incorporating required changes so that companies can carry out their social responsibility. UK company law system is considered as an over-complicated system which has a blend of both modern and radicalism. All the UK listed companies have to comply with the combined code and they have to announce the Turnbull report. This report ensures that the company will manage its non-financial risks and it will pay due respect toward environmental, social and ethical factors along with its main business practice. The UK government forever and a day tried to maintain a balance between shareholders interest and this view was clearly reflected in the white paper that provides a guideline which the co mpanies have to follow. A government of the UK has always supported the report that the duty of the director of a company has to be codified and the new director should gain an introductory idea regarding the duty toward society. After considering all the factors into account, the UK government had introduced certain amendments like draft clauses, volume II- Schedule II, 2 (b) which was a step toward modernizing the companys lawyer.Different thinkers have the incompatible view regarding seat of governmentism and CSR. The term corporate was well defined by Melvin Aron Eisenberg in the following fashion the business corporation is an instrument through which capital is assembled for the activities of producing and distributing goods and services and making the investment. The business corporation should have as its objective the conduct of such activities with a view to enhancing the corporations profit and the gain of the corporations owners.

What Feminism and Women's Studies Calls for and Performs Essay

What Feminism and Womens Studies Calls for and Performs - Essay ExampleThis paper will focus on identifying significant ideas associated with womens liberation movement and womens studies, and around of the significant role they play in the society. One the significant role played by feminism and womens studies is to contribute to development of feminist movements and schoolman studies regarding construction of sexual practice that facilitate harmony in the society. Besides, feminism and womens studies are applied in gathering ideas that can question various cliches regarding gender, hurry and religion, which are sometimes considered nature, though they are established through social interactions. In addition, feminism and womens studies has enable recognition of the effort that her been made by women in the resent years in order to realize the stature of feminism in the present day. Feminism and womens studies takes interdisciplinary nature, which leads to affirmations of diver sity in the perceptions by people who study them. Moreover, feminism and womens studies offers a basis of developing strategic discussions, feminist praxis, and for making significant interrelationships across various boundaries that are conventionally conceived. Feminism and womens studies has facilitated flexibility, and a basis of questioning various notions regarding human assumptions regarding gender and relations. Feminism and womens studies plays a vital role in encouraging members of the society in developing skills that can enable them think vituperatively and sensitive about issues relating to gender. On the other hand, these studies offer students a critical awareness regarding the operations of gender and the way they operate in various contexts such as institutional, cultural and social. Feminism and womens studies offers an introduction of critical gender theories that forms a functioning in demanding intellectual environment (Levin, 12). These studies take a vital ro le of introducing history, feminist theories and criticism, which are bases on critical theoretical manikin applied in developing vital perceptions and knowlight-emitting diodege about gender inequalities. Feminism and womens studies strengthens ability to discuss and writer about feministic criticism with a high level of coherence, logic, and analytics (Kesler and Sameh, 185). Apparently, feminism and womens studies requires understanding of feminist critiques, which are applied in making informed judgments and strengthening the society, building public indemnity and reconstructing sexist institutions. There is need to understand the impact of feminist perception and criticism, and the challenges that they have pose do conventional disciplines of liberal arts. Feminism and womens studies has led to identification of womens contribution to knowledge that was overlooked in the past. Feminism and womens studies serve as vital sources for substantial writing regarding issues that inv olve womens race and social classes (Kesler and Sameh, 186). Therefore, this creates familiarity with literature on womens studies and awareness of significance of vitality of the journals, which involves frequency of publishing articles in Feminist Studies. However, understanding ideas in feminism and womens studies, it is important to collaborate with in new generations of feminist scholars, activists artists, and creative writers. In addition, there is need for

Master Harold and the Boys Essay Example for Free

Master Harold and the Boys EssayMaster Harold and the boys, by the fresh South Afri abide playwright Athol Fugard, is a naturalistic play bewilder in a Tea Room in Port Elizabeth on a rainy day in 1950. Two black servants, surface-to-air missile and Willie, and their white masters son Hally (Master Harold), have deep conversations about the good time they had together when Hally was young. In the beginning of the play, Sam and Willie, practice their bound techniques and talk about an upcoming dance contest. Fugard has created first depressions of situation and characters in the opening of the play by using set design, coif directions, duologue as well as idiom and tone. The opening of the play is interpreted as being up to Hallys first entry. Firstly, the unprofessional and for the audience surprisingly daily and light-hearted situation is created by Fugards choice of set design, stage directions and duologue. Secondly, Sam and Willies relationship is proven of unequal sta tus, yet learned and deep, by the unlikeness in speech and tone, and by the choice of topics in the duologue. Finally, initial perceptions of a childish and rude Willie and an intelligent and experienced Sam be constructed through generally speech and tone.The unprofessional impression of the Tea Room and the carefree and easy going ambiance is created by set design and stage directions, and duologue. Firstly, the amateurish impression of the business is created by the blackboard on which an untrained hand has chalked up the prices of the items, and by the few sad ferns in pots in the fashion. Furthermore, the fact that Fugard has chosen to snuff it all tables to one side, suggests that the business is not doing well, because the Tea Room is not likely to be expecting any customers. Secondly, the audience notices immediately that the mood in the room is casual, by letting Willie start off with singing a song as he mops down the floor.This strong mood is then reinforced when Wi llie suddenly gets up and starts dancing, Sam eagerly encouraging and correcting Willies dance technique. The audience must have been surprised by this casual situation, because one must not forget that at the time of the performance, around 1982, apartheid in South Africa was considerably further developed than the setting of the play. The fact that two black men, obviously workers, are without supervision of a white person and that they are enjoying themselves during work must have raised a sense of unease from the spectators, unsure how to react.The relationship amidst Sam and Willie is profound, yet Sam seems to have a higher status compared to Willie, as suggested by Fugards choice of topic of conversation and by the line of descent amongst the terms of address and physical position. To begin with, the way in which both(prenominal) men communicate is very informal. Willie uses plenty of swear words, like fuckin prostitute or bitch, whereas Sam uses a higher register, but i s still joking around with Willie (Hows your pillow with the quickstep?). This use of language suggests that both men feel at ease and that they have known each other for a very long time already. A sense of intimate relationship is also created by the topics of conversation. Willie is very open with Sam about his relationship with Hilda Samuels, as when he talks about the problems buying food for their fluff of which he isnt withal sure it is his son (Only his hair looks like me.) he shows no hesitation to discuss the matter with Sam.Sam even knows that Willie often beats up his girlfriend, suggesting that they have been living alongside for a long time. The audience realises that it is watching an intimate conversation, which makes them attentive, curious and involved in the discussion. Secondly, Sams higher social position is suggested by the contrast between the way Sam addresses Willie and vice versa, almost like a teacher-student relation. Sam suggests improvements for Willi es dance technique, as Dont look down or But youre too stiff, as well as how he could be more successful in his relationships with girlfriends (You hit her too much.) and Willie reacts willingly to take up the advice.Also, Sam demonstrates the dance as it should be, suggesting that Sam is more experienced. Lastly, a subtle but symbolic detail is the physical positioning of Sam and Willie at the very beginning of the play Willie is mopping down the floor on his knees, working, while Sam is flicking through a comic book, standing, and obviously not working. Fugard has visualised their relationship by the contrast between kneeling and sitting, and working and relaxing, and this can in fact be applied to the entire rest of the play.Sam is portrayed as a confident, intelligent and experienced character through his speech and tone. The way Sam guides Willie through the learning process of the quickstep, and even demonstrates a much more accomplished dance than Willie, indicates he is a sk illful dancer himself. Fugard has made the audience feel sympathy towards Sam, as he encourages Willie, Look happy, Willie Relax Willie, although Willie is a hopeless dancer.Fugard represents Willies character as slightly vulnerable, unexperienced, and as a bad lover through his reactions to Sams teasing, the difficulties he has with learning the quickstep and through his description of his relationship with girlfriends. Willie is very quickly scotch by Sams advice, like Yesterday Im not straight today Im too stiff and I try hard because it is hard.. Willies incapability to cope with Sams teasing once even results in a small brawl between the two of them Its finish between us. Furthermore, Willie is clearly a bad love partner, confirmed when he describes his girlfriend as a whore and a bitch, but which is, quite ironically, provoked by himself hitting his girlfriend every once in a while. This, together with his vulgar choice of language, results in an aversion from the audience to Willie.To conclude, Fugard has managed to create strong first impressions in the opening of the play in terms of situation and characters. He has used set design, stage directions and duologue to create an unprofessional and casual ambience. In terms of characters, Fugard has succeeded in associating strong characteristic features to Sam and Willie, both intimate friends, yet separated in a way by an intellectual line.

During the month of Kartik in the Bikram Sambat calendar Essay Example for Free

During the month of Kartik in the Bikram Sambat calendar EssayDuring the month of Kartik in the Bikram Sambat calendar (late September and early October), the Nepalese people indulge in the biggest fete of the year, Dashain. Dashain is the longest and the near auspicious festival in the Nepalese annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese of all caste and creed through appear the country. The cardinal mean solar age of celebration occurs during the bright lunar fort darkness ending on the day of the broad moon.Thorough out the kingdom of Nepal the goddess Durga in all her manifestations atomic number 18 worshiped with innumerable pujas, abundant offerings and thousands of animal opens for the ritual holy bathing, thus drenching the goddess for days in blood. Dashain commemorates a great victory of the gods over the wicked demons. unity of the victory stories told is the Ramayan, where the lord Ram after a big struggle slaughtered Ravana, the fiendish king of demons. It is sa id that lord Ram was successful in the struggle only when goddess Durga was evoked.The main celebration glorifies the triumph of good over evil and is symbolized by goddess Durga slaying the terrible demon Mahisasur, who terrorised the earth in the guise of a brutal water buffalo. The first nine days signify the nine days of ferrous battle between goddess Durga and the demon Mahisasur. The tenth day is the day when Mahisasur was slain and the go away five days symbolise the celebration of the victory with the state of grace of the goddess. Dashain is celebrated with great rejoice, and goddess Durga is worshiped throughout the kingdom as the divine spawn goddess.In preparation for Dashain every home is cleansed and beautifully adorn, painted as an invitation to the pay off goddess, so that she may visit and bless the family unit with good fortune. During this measure the reunion of distant and nearby relatives occur in every household. The market is filled with shoppers seeki ng new clothing, gifts, luxuries and enormous supplies of temple offering for the gods, as salutary as foodstuffs for the family feasting. Thousands of sheep, goats, ducks, chicken and water buffalo argon prepared for the great slaughter. All types of organisations are closed for ten to fifteen days.Labourers are almost hopeless to find from the poor to the rich, all enjoy the festive mood. Anywhere you go the aroma of Vijaya Dashami is found. The first nine days of Dashain are called nawa ratri when tantric rites are conducted. In Nepal the life force is embodied in the divine energy and power of the female, depicted as goddess Durga in her many forms. All goddess who emanated from goddess Durga are known as devis, each with different aspects and powers. In most mother goddess temples the deity is represented simply as a sacred Kalash, carved water jug or multiple handed goddess holding murderous weapons.During these nine days people pay their homage to the goddess. If she is pro perly worshiped and pleased good fortunes are on the track and if angered through neglect then misfortunes are around the corner. Mother goddess is the source of life and everything. The first day of Dashain is called Ghatasthapana, which literally means pot establishing. On this day the kalash, (holy water watercraft) symbolising goddess Durga often with her image embossed on the side is placed in the prayer room. The kalash is filled with holy water and cover with cowdung on to which spills are sown.A small rectangular sand block is made and the kalash is put in the centre. The surrounding bed of sand is also sown with grains. The ghatasthapana ritual is performed at a certain auspicious moment determined by the astrologers. At that particular moment the priest intones a welcome, requesting goddess Durga to bless the vessel with her presence. The room where the kalash is established is called Dashain Ghar. Generally women are not allowed to enter the room where Dashain puja is b eing carried out. A priest or a household man worships the kalash daily once in the morning and then in the evening.The kalash and the sand are sprinkled with holy water everyday and it is shielded from direct sunlight. By the tenth day, the seed will have grown to five or six inches long yellow grass. The sacred yellow grass is called Jamara. It is bestowed by the elders atop the heads of those junior to them during the last five days when tika is put on. The jamara is taken as a token of Goddess Durga as well as the elders blessing. As days passes by regular rituals are observed till the seventh day. The seventh day is called Fulpati.On this day the jamara to be used by the royal household is brought from their ancestral royal house in Gorkha about a hundred and sixty nine kilometres away over the hills north west of the valley of Kathmandu. A parade is held in the hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace. The fulpati, i. e. the procession bearing the jamara and other items necessary for the tika, is brought from Gorkha after a three day walk and most of the government officials are eagerly time lag for the fulpati parade to arrive at Rani Phokari in the afternoon. Rani Phokari area is filled with hundreds of government officials meticulously attired in thetraditional formal dress. In fulpati, the royal kalash filled with holy water, banana stalks, jamara and sugar cane tied with red cloth is carried by Brahmans from the ancestral royal house on a decorated palanquin under a gold tipped and embroidered umbrella, led by the military platoon of the royal priest. The government officials also join the fulpati parade. Whilst the fulpati parade is forefront towards the old royal palace, His Majesty the King observes the ceremonies taking place in Tundikhel, the army parade ground in the center of the city. There a chivalrous display of the Royal Nepalese Army is held.Guns are fired and the entire valley echoes with the resonance sound of it. The firing continues for ten to fifteen minutes to recognize the fulpati. By the time the function ends the royal fulpati is already taken inside the Dashain ghar in Hanuman Dhoka Palace. With this the Dashain feasting starts. The eighth day is called the Maha Asthami. The fervour of worship and sacrifice to Durga and Kali increases. On this day many orthodox Hindus will be fasting. Sacrifices are held in almost every house through out the day. The night of the eighth day is called Kal Ratri, the dark night.Hundreds of goats, sheep and buffaloes are sacrificed at the mother goddess temples. In the darkness of the night Durga temples, army barracks, and old palaces all over Nepal hold sacrifices for the mother goddess. The sacrifice continues till come home. The old palace in Basantapur Hanuman Dhoka, is active throughout the night with worships in almost every courtyard. While the puja is being carried out great feasts are held in the homes of common people where large amount of meat are consumed. The ninth d ay is called Nawami. The Taleju temple at Hanuman Dhoka is undetermined for the public only once a year on this day.Thousands of people go and pay their respect to the goddess day. Temples of mother goddess are filled with people from dawn till dusk. On this day the official military sacrifices are held in the Kot courtyard at Hanuman Dhoka. The government allows foreigners to witness this function so hundreds of tourists and diplomats eagerly gather here. Animals mostly black buffaloes are slaughtered by hundreds to honour Durga the goddess of victory and might and to seek her blessing. Military bands play war tunes, guns boom and officers with beautifully decorated medals in full uniform stand there.When the function ends the courtyard is filled ankle deep with blood. On this very day the god Vishwas Karma, the God of creativeness is also worshiped. All factories, vehicles, any machinery instruments and anything from which we make a living are worshiped. We also give sacrifices to all moving machinery like cars, aeroplanes, trucks etc. to get the blessing from goddess Durga for protection for vehicles and their occupants against accidents during the year. The entire day is colourful. The tenth day is the Dashami. On this day we take tika and jamara from our elders and receive their blessing.We visit our elders in their home and get tika from them while our younger ones come to our home to receive blessing from us. The importance of Dasain also lies in the fact that on this day family members from far off and distant relatives come for a visit as well as to receive tika from the head of the family. This function continues for four days. His Majesty also receives tika from the royal priests and then gives on tika to his hardcore subjects. Thousands of loyal Nepalese people as well as foreigners also receive tika from His Majesty the King as this is said to be auspicious. aft(prenominal) four days of rushing around and meeting your relatives Dashain ends on the full moon day, the fifteenth day. In the last day people stay at home and rest. The full moon day is also called Kojagrata meaning who is awake. The Hindu goddess of wealth Laxmi is worshipped. On this day the goddess Laxmi is given an invitation to visit each and everyone. After Dashain the nation settles back to normal. After receiving the blessing of goddess Durga, people are ready to work and acquire virtue, power and wealth. Dashain thus is not only the longest festival but also the most anticipated one among all the festivals of Nepal.

Women Entrepreneurs May Be Defined Business Essay

Women Entrepreneurs May Be Defined Business EssayThe Indian women argon no longer treated as show pieces to be kept at home.They atomic number 18 similarly enjoying the impact of globalisation and making an influence not simply on domestic but also on international sphere.Women be doing a wonderful job striking a balance between their post and c atomic number 18r.Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairman Managing Director of Biocon Ltd., who became Indias richest woman in 2004, was educated at the Bishop Cotton Girls School and Mount Carmel College in Bangalore. She founded Biocon India with a capital of Rs.10,000 in her garage in 1978 the initial operation was to extract an enzyme from papaya. Her application for loans were turned d birth by banks then on three counts biotechnology was then a new word, thecompany lacked assets, women entrepreneurs were pipe down a rarity. Today, her company is the bigget biopharmaceutical firm in the country.Neelam Dhawan, Managing Director, Micr osoft India, leads Microsoft India. She is a graduate from St. Stephens College in 1980,and also passed out from Delhis Faculty Of Management studies in 1982. Then she was keen on joining FMCG majors like Hindustan Lever and Asian Paints, both companies rejected Dhawan, as they didnot wish to ap advert women for merchandising and sales.STATUS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIAWomen entrepreneur as defined by the Government of India is an donprise possess and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51 % of the capital and giving atleast 51 % of the employment generated in the enterprise to women. On the terms presidency offers incentives and concessions to women entrepreneurs. However, women entrepreneurs severely criticize this definition which sets out a condition of employing much than 50 % women workers. They point out that this is discriminatory and any enterprise set-up by women should qualify for the concessions offered to women entrepreneurs.Women entre preneurs ar no longer as hard to find as they were a a few(prenominal) decades ago. However, a lot still remains to be done before the impediments in their way, in the form of unfavourable policies, hostile attitudes or lack of opportunities, are removed and women can function shoulder to shoulder with men. Non-government organizations promoting women entrepreneurship play a critical role in removing obstacles. Women as entrepreneurs sustain to play a central role in the overall economic development of the country. It is estimated that presently women entrepreneur comprise 10 % of the total entrepreneurs in India with the percentage rising every course and it is likely in another five years, women will comprise 20 % of the entrepreneurial workforce. This figure is make passn by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) as 39.4 %. With corporates tidal bore to associate with women-owned businesses, and a host of banks and NGOs keen to help them get going, there has rarely been a b etter time for women with zeal and creativity to start their own business. Traditionally, women in India were associated with tiny enterprises called 3Ps Pickles, Pappads and Pepper. In urban cities of India, more and more women are successfully running day care centres, placement services, floriculture, beauty parlors and fashion boutiques. Of late, technically and professionally qualified fe mannishs are launching their small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in click and portal areas like nurture technology, multimedia, telecommunication and almost experience become very successful knowledge entrepreneurs. Even in rural areas, self-help groups (SHGs) are empowering women to start their own business enterprises.Endowed with the famous female intuition that helps them put up the right choices even in situations where experience and logic fail, the Indian women have innate flair for entrepreneurship. Although men and women may be motivated by disparate goals and expectations, wo men entrepreneurs are just as competent, if not better, than their male counterparts. Connie Glaser reports in her famous book When Money Isnt Enough, that male entrepreneurs are motivated by the potential to construct lots of money, while women start their own companies (SMEs) because they seek greater control over their personal and professional lives. The capabilities and environment with which men and women operate are entirely different. Moreover, women have a few problems in pursuing their SMEs which their male counterparts do not. If we really want to promote entrepreneurship among women we have to necessarily differentiate entrepreneurship on the basis of sex.Let us look at the rouge changes for the Indian women entrepreneurship over the last five decades. Women entrepreneurs of The Fifties, took to entrepreneurial business activity where there was no income generating male or took charge of enterprise her husband had left. In The Sixties, many women educated in schools a nd colleges began to have business aspirations and set-up SMEs. Women entrepreneurs of The Seventies, was the critical mass of women who educated professionally and some set-up their own SMEs in emerging and new areas. The women entrepreneurs of 50s, 60s, and 70s had accepted both their social and occupational roles. They played the two roles and tried to balance both. However, in The Eighties, the women were educated in utmostly technological and professional disciplines and they set-up their more sophisticatedly managed SMEs. In The Nineties, women entrepreneurs were qualitatively different breed of women. They were qualified, capable, competent and assertive. They made better choices of opportunities and ideas, and set-up SMEs which they managed to grow their professionism.Women in The Nineties have often questioned their traditional coding of their roles and have become conscious of the voice of their identity. The women entrepreneurs of The 21st Century, set-up businesses in I T, Telecom, and financial sectors and they were pioneers and mavericks. In this millennium, the Indian women world has to cross a major threshold and enter an unknown land. They have to walk a path where none existed with the sense to discover and fathom new heights with their in effect managed and technically sophisticated SMEs.Among the 94.57 lakhs SMEs owned by men functioning in India, 86.92 % are unregistered and registered units amount only to 13.08 %. In the total number of SMEs owned by men in India more than forth-fifths of the SMEs (86.92%) are unregistered.PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE ANDFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSGeneral CharacteristicsGeneral characteristics of the Indian male and female entrepreneurs that have been noted in this study areas followsFemale EntrepreneursWomen tend to be more cautious and empty endangermenty ventures that would increase their vulnerability and expose them to possible privation of savings, more so when the impetus to become an entrepreneur arises from circumstances such as loss of job, divorce or death in the family. Business ventures are therefore kept small and products are kinda diversified, preferably than specialized.Activities are focused on household commitments, namely, to improve living conditions and consumption levels of their families and to educate their children, rather than focused on profit-driven motives. Hence they tend to choose businesses that allow them to balance family and business responsibilities. Sectors to which they gravitate generally exhibit commence emersion potential and lower profits.Womens attraction to the services sector is thought to be linked to the view that women are inherently maternal and see themselves as providers for their families, so their predisposition to enter this sector.The creative capacity of women, which is seen to be greater than that of men, allows them to be more responsive to market conditions, thereby contributing to their survival. Not u nrelated to this is the tendency of women to underestimate their skills compared to men. As a result, they are more eager to avail themselves of opportunities for self-improvement through skills upgrading and confidence building.Male EntrepreneursMale entrepreneurs are generally perceived to be more self-confident and possess better business skills.work force tend to be more profit-oriented, and are greater risk-takers with expectations of greater financial returns.Overall, men have chafe to a better support frame, partly because of their longer experience in the business arena, but more so because of the strength of their networking, and the male bonding phenomenon, multifariously known as the old boys club. In addition, men generally hold positions of power in organizations and political institutions and have greater control over the decision-making processes (loan approvals etc.).Men enjoy a clear returns with respect to accessing credit and investment capital, and acquiring m arket information, which together facilitate their entry into more profitable, high growth sectors.The mobility of men tends not to be as constrained by domestic responsibilities.Difference between Personal Entrepreneurial Characteristics Based on general information gathered from respondents the main differences in personal entrepreneurial characteristic between female and male entrepreneurs are as followsFemale EntrepreneursMany female entrepreneurs are said to be in business out of economic necessity.Women tend to underestimate their skills in comparison to men. They are very eager to take advantage of opportunities such as seminars, bazaars, etc. to help them to upgrade their skills and business capabilities, as well as to build up their level of confidence.Women tend to be more cautious in their glide slope to business in the sense that they are more patient than men, and are willing to wait for a longer finish of time for their businesses to grow.Motivation between men and w omen seems to be different. Women tend to operate in small business and maintain a clear focus on their additional duties and obligations to their family/household. Hence, their main priority is in having adequate finance in hand to meet family commitments, even if they do not obtain an income or requital at month end.Women tend to be largely in the services sector. One view advanced by a key informant is that as women are inherently maternal and intrinsically see themselves as providers for their families, they have a predisposition to enter this sector.Women tend to start businesses that they can manage adequately and financially, bearing in mind that they may also be heading the household in the absence of a male figure. In this case, womens time has to be appropriated prudently between business and familial responsibilities.Women tend to have an aversion to debt, particularly if they have started their business from a position of disadvantage. The view suggests that women entre preneurs tend to avoid potentially risky business activities that may increase their vulnerability and expose them to the loss of their savings sometimes life savings. A possible additional risk for women could be the fear or embarrassment of being viewed as a failure within the context of a perceived male-dominated society.Womens creative capacity is seen to be greater than that of their male counterparts. Women can diversify more quickly than men in order to remain viable within the market even though this market is small in many cases and they are seen to be more flexible than men as well.Male EntrepreneursMale entrepreneurs are perceived to be more confident than their female counterparts.They have a better support system, principally because they have more experience in business activities.They are perceived to possess more and better business skills than women.They are seen to be more systematic than women.They tend to be more enterprising in terms of victorious higher ris ks with the expectation of attaining higher financial returns on their investments.Challenges of women entrepreneursWomen are subjected to discrimination in their entrepreneurial endeavours due to various gender-related causes. This discrimination has adversely impacted on their ability to raise or secure capital, to acquire and further managerial talents, and to capture market opportunities.Women are often subjected to greater scrutiny as they approach traditional lending institutions for assistance. This has resulted in many women being discouraged from venturing into business activities on their own. However, it needs to be mentioned that those women who have done so have been quite successful at managing and operating the respective businesses. This refers in particular to women who have been successful in areas such as basketry, forage vending, hair dressing, clothes designing, and food manufacturing such as pepper sauces, making syrup and the packaging of various spices.No c learly defined policy framework existed for SME development. In this case, in the views of key informants, there seemed to be gender discrimination in favour of male entrepreneurs. One example given speaks to the issue of males obtaining loans more easily and readily than women from technical banks to finance their business ventures which, in some cases, were similar to those of women. The Indian Governments recent policy framework has sought to redress some of these imbalances.A wide persona of credit facilities is available. However, SMEs persons including women, experience numerous difficulties in accessing funds.There is a lack of readily available information on opportunities for investing in SMEs. In this regard, women who are starting from a perceived situation of disadvantage in the market especially if they are operating at the periphery of the formal economy are constrained in relation to maximizing their economic potential.The absence of an entrepreneurial culture has permeated all levels of society. This has resulted in the SME sector being regarded as a less(prenominal) attractive investment option in India. When combined with other barriers, few women find SMEs an attractive career pursuit.Female entrepreneurs may lack business management, marketing and accounting skills. These skills may be very weak. This may be compounded by the lack of resources and in some cases the will to upgrade these skills.The educational system does not include entrepreneurial education, training and development in the curricula as a crucial area for national economic development. Women who would otherwise benefit from this educational emphasis are inevitably denied early access to the rudiments of business in India6.Major Problems of Women EntrepreneursThe major problem observed are as follows Women gift intensive financial constraints as loans not easily available to them being females a gender bias.Women have over-dependence on intermediaries, middlemen and br okers who exploit rather than helping them.Women pillowcase the problem of scarcity of raw materials and depend upon suppliers and middlemen who exploit them charging higher prices.Cut-throat competition in entrepreneurship creates more hurdles to women entrepreneurs.In the case of women entrepreneurs, the cost of production goes high as compared to industries run by their male counterparts. This creates problems of marketing due to high prices.Women have low mobility as compared to male entrepreneurs because of social hurdles, family responsibilities and discrimination by family members.Women give more priority to family ties and relationships than economic aspects. This prevents them from becoming successful in entrepreneurship.India being a patriarch society, female daughters dont have rights over the property of their father and hence discriminated by financial institutions.Female entrepreneurs cannot get sales tax number without a male partner which causes a great problem for them. This is male chaunism that is also in the beginning of the 21st Century.Because of lack of information networks, education and training, potential and existing female entrepreneurs are exploited by unscrupulous agents and brokers7.There are numerous other problems and challenges which discourages women to undertake entrepreneurship and self-employment as a career option in India as well as many other developing countries of the world. The government must come-up with clear policies in favour of women entrepreneurs so that female entrepreneurship development can be promoted and further encouraged making them as equal partners in the society.