The Adventures Of Huckleberry :: essays research papers

Every day society is imposed upon by awful messages. Not one day passes in which wedo not see something terrible or obscene on television, and most slew have beenexposed to the usage of racial slurs. It is hard to understand why a book should bebanned if it has this subject matter in extremely small amounts. The decision should beleft up to the potential contributor of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because making thebook required would be just as ridiculous as completely banning it. The AdventuresHuck Finn is an outstanding novel with absolutely no reason at all to be banned at anyschool across the globe. This novel by the extraordinary author Mark duad is an exceptional piece ofliterature. The book itself may have a few credits to its disadvantage, but those creditsagainst it are so minor that they should not be taken into account.One of the downsides of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the usage ofcertain racial slurs. The volume nigger appears 189 times, but it shou ld not make asubstantial impact on a get winder. This word itself may be quite offensive particularly inthe beginning of the book, but towards the middle and end, the racial term is not used todegrade people of the African American race.The most prevalent misuse of the word nigger is in the introductory part of thenovel. This racial slur is mostly abused by Hucks father, tit. tit represents theaverage misinformed redneck. In each appearance that Pap had in the book, he hadcriticizing words for whatever was going on around him. For example, he was makinggaiety of the North because black people were allowed to have freedom. Pap had manystereotypical views. None of those should be taken greatly into consideration seeing ashow Pap was intoxicated in all of his appearances throughout the book. Pap had a severalcohol problem. He would have spent every last dime that he or Huck had to buyalcoholic products. His behavior not only mad him quite drunk but abusive as well. Huck was held the likes of a prisoner by Pap, and Pap even almost killed him once. Papshouldnt be taken seriously by the potential readers of Huck Finn.People who read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn have to keep in mind thatthe time setting was in the pre-Civil War era. During this time period, may people hadthe common misconception that black people were alone property. The slaves werehardly ever treated as human beings.

Why the Spanish Armada Invaded Britain and Lost Essay -- essays resear

Spanish Armada EssayIn this essay I am going to look at why the Spanish armada precious to invade Britain and why they failed to do so, was it down to luck or were the British too smart for the Spanish. And was it all Englands glory?The Spanish wanted to invade England was in the first place to turn England back finish off into a catholic country, and to get tycoon Elizabeth of the throne and to get a queen who was for the catholic monarch on the throne. However there are many an(prenominal) other reasons Firstly Philip II couldn?t accept that was not the king of England, as he was married to Queen Mary I, who was the Queen before Elizabeth. Secondly, when Philip proposed to Elizabeth she cancelled him down. Another reason is Elizabeth wouldn?t stop the privateers from robbing and sinking Spanish ships, which were carrying gold over the ocean, even so it is to be said that Elizabeth ?turned a blind essence to it?, which means that she knew it was happening but wasn?t taking any notice. The last straw was when Elizabeth executed Mary Queen of Scott?s, who would have been Philips choice of queen to recipe England, in 1587.The battle at first sight looked at it should have been a complete walkover for the Spanish, as there soldiers was much stronger, however if you want a successful battle you must have a successful plan. Before the fleet even set off Sir Francis Drake, Vice-Admiral of the English fleet, modify many of the Spanish ships in Cadiz, this is just one of the reasons why the Spanish failed to invade England. The Spanish set-sail in May 1588 with 131 ships, this was after the rubber stomach held them back. whiz of the main downfalls of the plan is when the Spanish were supposed to be landing in the harbour at Calais, on the 6th August 1588, the Spanish were not sure... ...t of the ships got shipwrecked. The weather was an enemy to the Spanish around 6 times during the whole duration of the battle. So this can go down to luck for the Engl ish.It would be easy to give-up the ghost the glory to England, however the Dutch rebels, who were rather good sailors, gave the English a helping hand to finish off the remains of the Spanish fleet.I conclusion, it is drop off that there was some good smart moves by the English, however most of the battle was down to luck, mainly the weather ,that was on England?s side. It is also quite an easy to pick out a number of faults in the plan, the Spanish should have planned better and been more prepared e.g. passing the correct sizing cannonballs. Also it wasn?t just the English who were attacking the Spanish, the Dutch rebels were good sailors so that would back up the English when perusing the Spanish round Scotland. wherefore the Spanish Armada Invaded Britain and Lost Essay -- essays researSpanish Armada EssayIn this essay I am going to look at why the Spanish armada wanted to invade Britain and why they failed to do so, was it down to luck or were the British t oo smart for the Spanish. And was it all Englands glory?The Spanish wanted to invade England was mainly to turn England back into a catholic country, and to get Queen Elizabeth of the throne and to get a queen who was for the catholic monarch on the throne. However there are many other reasons Firstly Philip II couldn?t accept that was not the king of England, as he was married to Queen Mary I, who was the Queen before Elizabeth. Secondly, when Philip proposed to Elizabeth she turned him down. Another reason is Elizabeth wouldn?t stop the privateers from robbing and sinking Spanish ships, which were carrying gold over the ocean, however it is to be said that Elizabeth ?turned a blind eye to it?, which means that she knew it was happening but wasn?t taking any notice. The last straw was when Elizabeth executed Mary Queen of Scott?s, who would have been Philips choice of queen to rule England, in 1587.The battle at first sight looked at it should have been a complete walkover for the Spanish, as there army was much stronger, however if you want a successful battle you must have a successful plan. Before the fleet even set off Sir Francis Drake, Vice-Admiral of the English fleet, damaged many of the Spanish ships in Cadiz, this is just one of the reasons why the Spanish failed to invade England. The Spanish set-sail in May 1588 with 131 ships, this was after the bad weather held them back. One of the main downfalls of the plan is when the Spanish were supposed to be landing in the harbour at Calais, on the 6th August 1588, the Spanish were not sure... ...t of the ships got shipwrecked. The weather was an enemy to the Spanish around 6 times during the whole duration of the battle. So this can go down to luck for the English.It would be easy to give the glory to England, however the Dutch rebels, who were rather good sailors, gave the English a helping hand to finish off the remains of the Spanish fleet.I conclusion, it is clear that there was some good smart move s by the English, however most of the battle was down to luck, mainly the weather ,that was on England?s side. It is also quite easy to pick out a number of faults in the plan, the Spanish should have planned better and been more prepared e.g. firing the correct size cannonballs. Also it wasn?t just the English who were attacking the Spanish, the Dutch rebels were good sailors so that would back up the English when perusing the Spanish round Scotland.

Post WW II and Japan Essays -- essays research papers fc

World War II took place beginning at 1939 and ending in 1945. japan was the last opposing country to surrender to the US Allies on September 2nd, 1945. Ending the long, horrific seven-year war. Upon Japans admitted defeat, the U.S. invaded and took occupation of the country for seven years. Though assumed to be a distressing circumstance and expected total domi democracy, it was a benefit to Japan, for the United States to flash control of them, rather than being a disadvantage. The occupation helped the recovery and development of Japans economy and also clarified understanding between the two countries. When the United States took control of Japan during late summer of 1945, it proved to be a milest genius for the entire world. Never before had one advanced nation attempted to reform the supposed faults of another advanced nation from within (Reischauer 221). Both countries were uneasy, complaining the regarded issue at first. For the Americans, the very notion of democratizing Japan delineated a stunning revision of the propaganda they had imbibed during the war. When the media had routinely depicted all Nipponese as children, savages, sadists, madmen, or robots. In the most pervasive metaphor of dehumanization, they were portrayed in word and picture as apes, or monkey-men (Dower 213). There was much hatred for the Japanese by the American people, because of the negative depiction of them by the media and the remembrance of the shelling of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese that drove the U.S. to declare war on Japan in the first place. Many Americans displayed extreme prejudice for the Japanese people calling them jaundiced baboons or the more unsophisticated racial term, Jap. The United States viewed Japan as a collapsing nation that needed strict focusing from them in order to change into the correct form of government. For the first time in history, Japan was a conquered nation. The slogan, which Japan used to cope during the occupation, was enduring t he unendurable. For many Japanese people, the U.S. occupation seemed like more of the same totalitarian leadership as of the emperor, therefore was indifferent to the new order. The rest feared that the Americans would be vengeful, cruel conquerors. The wil... ...tates and Japan is certainly an impressive achievement. Due to the aid and influences contributed by the United States, Japan is now a peaceful, fully restored nation that has improved beyond expectations. The economy is one of the best in the world, and there is no longer any hostility between the two nations. America helped Japan restore its economy and society to fortify it into a better nation that it is today.BibliographyPerez, Louis G. The History of Japan.London Greenwood Press, 1998.Reischauer, Edwin O. JAPAN, The Story of a Nation.New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1970.Morton, W.Scott. JAPAN, Its History and Culture.New York McGraw-Hill, 1994.Area Handbook Series. Japan, a country study.capital of the United States D.C. Library of Congress, 1992.Beasley, W.G. The Modern History of JAPAN.New York Frederick A. Praeger, 1963.Koshiro, Yukiko. Trans-Pacific Racisms and the US Occupation of Japan. New York Columbia University Press, 1999.Beasley, W.G. The Rise of Modern Japan.New York St. Martins Press, 1995.Thomas, J.E. Modern Japan.London Longman capital of Singapore Publishers Pte., 1996.Dower, John W. Embracing Defeat, Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York Norton, 1999.

Treatment of Transgender Prisoners Essay examples -- Rights of Transge

Transgender people in todays society read it hard enough going to prison is even harder due to the happens associated to someone who is transgendered. concourse who are transgendered risk their health and well-being while being locked up in prison. They face a variety of issues while they are incarcerated such as housing, physical, emotional abuse and most of all denial to their basic medical needs that helps express who they are through their gender. Transgender people are discriminated against due to a variety of reasons. We will look at how being transgendered in prison affects their right to health care, how health care laws are changing for people who bring in transgender individualism disorder (GID) and how the Eighth Amendment is changing the care they receive while they are incarcerated. Without the right to receive hormone therapy, that they would otherwise receive on the outside, they risk having both emotional and physical issues. The federal government and almost every state recognize transgender peoples right to change their name and to have identification documents with the gender marker that matches their gender identity. (Jami Kathleen Taylor, 2007) There are a lot of misconceptions on what the meaning of transgender is, some think that they only become the soul whether it is male to female, or female to male after surgery. What people fail to realize is that every transgender person transitions in their own way. So what does transgender mean and what is transgender identity disorder? According to the American Psychological Association, transgender is umbrella term whose gender identity, gender expression, or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they wer... ...ation and the Law. Thomson West.Phillips, J. (2012, folk 28). Gender Identity Disorder in Prison Depending on a Diagnosis That is soon to Disappear? Retrieved October 4, 2013, from PSYCHIATRIC TIMES http//www.psychiatrictim es.com/gender-disorders/content/article/10168/2105073 Silpa, M. (2011). Note, endocrine Therapy for Inmates A Metonym for Transgender Rights,20. CORNELL J.L. & PUB. POLY , 807, 81920.Standards of Care. (n.d.). Retrieved November 8, 2013, from World Professional Association of Transgender Health http//www.wpath.org/documents/Standards%20of%20Care%20V7%20-%202011%20WPATH.pdf.WIS. STAT. 302.386(5m)(b). (2009-2010).WIS.STAT. 302.386(5m) (20092010).www.basicrights.org. (2012, August 22). Retrieved November 8, 2013, from hhttp//www.basicrights.org/featured/affordable-care-act-aca-implications-for-the-transgender-community/

Black Theology & Black Power According to James H. Cone Essay -- Black

I believe the best place to start this essay would be with an explanation of shocking world power. Black military force according to James H. Cone is an emotionally charged term that nookie evoke either angry rejection or passionate acceptance. Critics see it as blacks hating etiolates, while advocates see Black ply as the only viable option for black people. Advocates see Black Power meaning black people be taking a dominate role in deciding what the black-white relationship should be in American Society. Rev. Jeremiah Wright, Jr. is pr individuallying this right now. He sees that blacks acquire to go back to their blackness and no longer live their lives as the white society wants them to.What these two men are encouraging can be very difficult for most people to understand. Most of us see this as a call to violence. What Cone is really saying is that Black Power means the complete emancipation of black people from white oppression by whatever means black people deem necessary. The methods to reach this can include selective buying, boycotting, marching, and even rebellion. Black Power means black freedom, black self-determination, where black people no longer see themselves as without tender dignity, but as people, human beings with the ability to carve out their own destiny.Paul Tillichs analysis of the courage to be further clarifies the meaning of Black Power. He says that the courage to be is the ethical act in which man affirms his being in spite of those elements of his existence which conflict with his essential self-affirmation Black Power is then a humanizing force because it the black mans attempt to be recognized as a thou in spite of the other, the white power which dehumanizes him. The courage they feel gives them the... ... What it really means is that your heart, your soul, your mind, and your body are where the dispossessed are. Your mind, soul, and heart need to be reconciled to God.Cone ends his book, Black worship & Bla ck Power with this thought, The real questions are Where is your identity? Where is your being? Does it lie with the oppressed blacks or with the oppressors? Let us hope that there are comely to answer this question correctly so that America will not be compelled to acknowledge a common humanity by see that prodigal is always one color.We need to put aside our pasts and try to find the common ground we share in Christ and become reconciled to each other that neither black or white is superior, but we are just the same in Gods eyes and we all play in the same color.Work CitedJames H. Cone . Black Theology and Black Power Orbis Books, 1997

Black Theology & Black Power According to James H. Cone Essay -- Black

I believe the best place to start this essay would be with an explanation of dingy Power. Black Power according to James H. conoid is an emotionally charged term that can evoke either angry rejection or passionate acceptance. Critics catch up with it as colors hating whites, while advocates recognise Black Power as the only viable option for black people. Advocates see Black Power meaning black people are taking a dominate role in deciding what the black-white relationship should be in American Society. Rev. Jeremiah W even out, Jr. is preaching this right now. He sees that blacks need to go back to their blackness and no longer live their lives as the white society wants them to.What these two men are encourage can be very difficult for most people to understand. Most of us see this as a call to violence. What Cone is really tell is that Black Power means the complete emancipation of black people from white oppression by whatever means black people carry necessary. Th e methods to reach this can include selective buying, boycotting, marching, and even rebellion. Black Power means black freedom, black self-determination, where black people no longer see themselves as without human dignity, but as people, human beings with the ability to carve out their own destiny.Paul Tillichs analysis of the courage to be boost clarifies the meaning of Black Power. He says that the courage to be is the ethical act in which man affirms his being in spite of those elements of his existence which conflict with his inbred self-affirmation Black Power is then a humanizing force because it the black mans attempt to be recognized as a thou in spite of the other, the white power which dehumanizes him. The courage they feel gives them the... ... What it really means is that your heart, your soul, your mind, and your body are where the dispossessed are. Your mind, soul, and heart need to be reconciled to God.Cone ends his book, Black Theology & Black Power with this thought, The real questions are Where is your identity? Where is your being? Does it lie with the oppressed blacks or with the oppressors? Let us hope that thither are enough to answer this question correctly so that America will not be compelled to acknowledge a common humanity by see that blood is always one color.We need to put aside our pasts and try to find the common ground we share in Christ and mystify reconciled to each other that neither black or white is superior, but we are just the same in Gods eye and we all bleed in the same color.Work CitedJames H. Cone . Black Theology and Black Power Orbis Books, 1997

Recent advances in medical technology

The two articles What is telecasters? And Do we know too much? Illustrate what the evolution of medical technology is and how it improves communitys life. Both articles go out medical studies to support the curative effects. Furthermore, although there are still some limitations or negative aspects toward the furtherances, It Is believed that those will be solved with time. In the article What Is telecasters? the write elucidates how its operation differs from traditional surgery.It Is revealed that doctor an give a remote operation by using robotic arms connected to fiber-optic cables without distance and facilities restrictions. However, some people doubts If robots can be relied on the author also states that It might not function well due to the network access and compatibility of computer. The second article alms to actors line the question of what happens If we can extract Information from our genes. By genetic tests, we can aware of the genetic disorder that we might suf fer from and prevent contracting current diseases.Currently, large range of disorders can be detected by complex genetic tests such as newborn screening, diagnostic, carrier and predictive testing. By the progression of medical technology, we are able to lead a longer and healthier life, furthermore, tests can be used to blood relationship testing and applied to transgress down on crime. However, some people worry about that it might result In some negative impact toward their living. As the remarkable maturement on therapy introduced in the essays, human beings benefit greatly from telecasters and genetic tests though they are still some limitations and difficulties need to be coped with.

The DaVinci Code

The Da Vinci autograph is creation of Dan embr testifys mental regime or a fact. It is for the people to decide whether these theories belong to Browns imagination or the skeleton of facts that supports the rule book. The early church history just backsidet stay out of the news. The DaVinci Code contains umpteen more claims about rescuerianitys historic origins and theological development. Almost e real thing our fathers told about Christ is false. Brown argues a single meeting of bishops in 325, at the city of Nicea in modern-day Turkey.There, church leaders who wanted to consolidate their power base created a divine Christ and an inf exclusivelyible Scripture-both novelties that had never in front existed among Christians. One of the key points put forward by Brown as Da Vinci code truth is that the Bible cannot be trusted. Certain portions of the literature that Brown proclaimed as Bible do have f aloneacies. The early books called the Gnostic Gospels often disagree with th e inspired gospels of Gods Word. The Da Vinci Code novel involves a conspiracy by the Catholic Church to cover up the true story of deliveryman.In the book, the Vatican knows it is living a lie but continues to do so to keep itself in power. The novel has helped generate popular interest in speculation concerning the Holy Grail legend and the role of Mary Magdalene in the history of Christianity. Fans have lauded the book as creative, action-packed and thought-provoking. Critics have attacked it as poorly written, inaccurate and creating confusion between speculation and fact. From a religious point of view, about critics consider it sacrilegious, and decry the m either negative implications about the Catholic Church and Opus Dei.Negating any deep rooted belief after 20 centuries is very difficult, if we see the other side of story. It is more difficult for those who have attained certain level in spiritual world through Christianity. It is a thing of debate as who were the gaine r-Bishops or society. Christianity is just a path or media to gain spiritualism. It is not important which path you choose to gain spiritualism. Christianity or any religion in the world is for betterment and to provide a clean society. Sanctity of the Bible Incomplete input gives out a wrong outputThe Bibles news report and consolidation may appear a bit too human for the comfort of some Christians Brown claims the Bible did not arrive by telefax from heaven In The Da Vinci Code, Brown apparently adopts Arius as his representative for all pre-Nicene Christianity. In reality, early Christians overwhelmingly worshipped Jesus Christ as their risen Saviour and Lord. Before the church adopted comprehensive doctrinal creeds, early Christian leaders developed a set of instructional summaries of belief, termed the Rule or Canon of Faith, which affirmed this truth.With the Bible playing a central role in Christianity, Brown claims that Constantine commissioned and bankrolled a staff to s et existing texts and thereby divinize the human Christ.. But some people may argue at this stage, it is impossible to collect sufficient input to arrive on any concrete conclusion. Its a universal fact that none of us has seen Jesus Christ. It is hard to believe unless we witness. We draw a conclusion found on available inputs, which may further have many variables. Bibles composition and consolidation was necessary to communicate many and into its correct form.Bible draws a line between rights and wrongs, Dos and Donts or in other words it provides a proven track for the people to follow and help them to take their own judgment in day to day life. People are wondering if Browns book contains Da Vinci truth. The introductory note of the book says, all descriptions of documents and secret rituals are accurate. Is this a true statement? Is there such a thing as Da Vinci Code truth? So how untold of The Da Vinci Code is truth? When asked how much of his book is based on reality in terms of things that actually occurred, author Dan Brown said, Absolutely all of it.Although Brown claims that the book is filled with truths, the people must keep in mind that this claim is included in the first paragraphs of a fiction book. even so claims that something is true, when found in a fiction book, are still fiction. If Brown had truly wanted to enlighten the world about his true nature of Jesus and the Catholic Church, he would have done so in a non-fiction setting. Why then did Brown assert in interviews that the information contained within his book was true? Booming of The Da Vinci Code and Christianity A logical analysisThe Da Vinci Code proves that some misguided theories never entirely fade away. They just reappear periodically in a different disguise. Browns claims resemble those of Arius and his numerous heirs throughout history, who have contradicted the united testimony of the apostles and the early church they built. Those witnesses have always authenticate d that Jesus Christ was and remains God himself. It didnt take an ancient council to make this true. And the pseudo historical claims of a modern novel cant make it false.Some Christians have optimistically hoped that The Da Vinci Code might provide a potential opportunity for dialogue and discussion about Jesus with people who might not other be open to such discussions. Booming of Da Vinci code may have many reasons. It may not be wise to correlate its sales event to acceptance of the people- for some people its a novel, some want to analyze and do the self assessment of their faith and for some it may be of academic interest. Threat to Christianity is beyond imagination. The reason being the very first question is about existence of God.If the answer is No then there may mature millions of questions to which todays world still in search of an answer. If the answer is Yes then there has to be certain rule and requires initiation and some media to communicate. Unless, the sourc e is either Supernatural or Super human, it is hard for the people to rely on it. We find Jesus Christ exactly fits into this place. Therefore The Da Vinci code can never ever be a threat to Christianity. References 1) Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code Doubleday (USA) 2003 2) The Da Vinci Code, Special Illustrated Edition, Doubleday November 2, 2004,

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a new multidisciplinary science interfering with many a(prenominal) enquiry areas and aspects. This technology deals with so small particles values from 1 to 100 nm (Birla et al., 2009 Husseiny et al., 2015). Nanoparticles of nearly metals like Au, Ag, Pt and Cu stick paid to a greater extent attention beca lend oneself of their biotechnological benefits (Rai and Duran, 2011). explore revealed the multi application of nanoparticle due to their unique properties in electronics, medicine, agriculture, pharmaceutic and environment (Nanda and Majeed, 2014 Dasgupta et al., 2015). Metal nanoparticles emerged as an alternative variety of anti bacteriuml agents against strains of mellow resistance to the classical antibiotics (Naseem and Farrukh, 2015).Nanoparticles were used as antiviral agents (Gaikwad et al., 2013), effective antibacterial (Singh et al., 2013), cancer cells and antitumor (Daenen et al., 2014). Many researches have been directed to apply the nanopar ticles of metals as anthelmintic (Garga and Chandrab, 2012), anti fungal (Kim et al., 2012), antiprotozoal (Said et al., 2012), , acaricidal (Marimuthu et al., 2013) and larvicidal (Muthukumaran et al., 2015).Nanoparticles have many chemical and physical characteristics that differ from the metallic particles. Specific characteristics of nanoparticles such as their optical, physicochemical, mechanical properties make them crucial in many applications. Therefore, nanoparticles could be the key chemical element for the future technologies.Scientific as well as public associations are paying their attention for nanoparticles technology as a good investment source. Nanoparticles could be produced via physical, chemical or biologic methods (Haider and Kang, 2015 Ebrahiminezhad et al., 2017). Both chemical and physical methods use reducing agents such as sodium borohydride, sodium citrate and alcohols (Rai and Duran, 2011).However, using of microorganisms in price reduction of nanopar ticles represents an opposite great achievement because of the economic and ease exertion (Shelar and Chavan, 2014 Patel et al., 2015). Research revealed that biological methods is an inexpensive and eco-friendly way for synthesis of nanoparticles.This method used biological agents including bacteria, fungus kingdom, yeast and plants (Mourato et al., 2011). new-fangledly, emerging such microorganisms as eco-friendly nano-factories to manufacture inorganic nanoparticles was kind (Lee et al., 2004 Lengke et al., 2007). Fungi were mentioned as excellent candidates for metal nanoparticle synthesis because they contain many of enzymes that give birth the mathematical product (Sastry et al., 2003).It was assumed that the mechanism involved in nanoparticles production by fungi was due to cell wall sugars that could reduce the metal ions (Mukherjee et al., 2002) and because they have the spicy cell wall binding capacity, metal uptake and secrete more amounts of proteins lead to the hi gher productivity of nanoparticles (Vahabi et al., 2011). Fungi have some advantages over the other microorganisms regarding the synthesis of NPs, because fungal mycelia are able to resist pressure, high temperature and lightsome storage in the laboratory (Kiran et al., 2016).There are many of metals for biogeny (NPs) such as copper, zinc, iron, iron trichloride, lead carbonate, gold and argent (Siddiqi and Husen, 2016). In addition, specie NPs could be combined by fungi either intracellularly or extracellularly but the extracellular biosynthesis downstream process much easier and showed more activities against many pathogens (Ahmad et al., 2003).Among the active fungi that were reported to produce nanoparticles Rhizopous oryzae produced nanoparticles intracellularly of gold (Das et al., 2012), Verticillium sp extracellularly peodcued gold and property nanoparticles (Soni and Prakash, 2014) in the size range of 2051 nm. However, F. oxysporum produced nanoparticles of silver o f 515 nm and 8-14 nm in diameter extracellularly (Ahmad et al., 2003 Senapati et al., 2005).Many other fungi were approved for their productivity of nanoparticles of divergent metals either extracellularly or intracellularly includingPhoma sp. (Chen et al., 2003), the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. (Shankar et al., 2003), genus Aspergillus fumigatus (Kuber and DSouza, 2006) , Fusarium acuminatum (Ingle et al., 2008) , Trichoderma asperellum (Mukherjee et al., 2008), F. semitectum (Sawle et al., 2008), Phoma glomerate (Birla et al. 2009), F. solani (Ingle et al., 2009) , plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger (Gade et al., 2008 Jaidev and Narasimha, 2010), Aspergillus flavus (Vigneshwaran et al., 2007 Jain et al., 2011) , Paecilomyces lilacinus (Devi and Joshi, 2012), endophytic fungus Pencillium sp. (Singh et al., 2013), Aspergillus foetidus (Roy and Das, 2014), Rhizopus stolonifer (AbdelRahim et al., 2017), Penicillium Oxalicum (Bhattacharjee et al., 2017) and Trichoderma atroviride (Saravanakumar and Wang, 2018).Many recent reports have shown that production of nanoparticles by fungi are could be affected by different condition of temperature, biomass weight, time and pH ( Balakumaran et al., 2016 Liang et al., 2017 Othman et al., 2017). Husseiny et al. (2015) reported that most important factors that were affecting the biosynthesis of AgNPs were the temperature, pH, time, the concentration of AgNO3 and amount biomass.Narayanan and Sakthivel (2010) approved that incubation at 27 0C for 72 h with 7 pH and 10 g of the fungal biomass and 1mM concentration of AgNPs were considered the optimal conditions for production of AgNPs from AgNO3 by fungi. Researches showed some variations in the characteristics of the biosynthesized AgNPs by different fungal species. These variations could be due to the source of fungal isolates or strains and types of medium (Devi and Joshi, 2012 Roy and Das, 2014). When Alam et al. (2017) compared the different types of med ia, they run aground Czapex dox broth was a good medium to produce enough mycelial biomass to synthesize AgNPs.This because this medium contains essential carbon and nitrogen source along with other life-sustaining macro and micronutrients such as magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, iron and zinc which are full of life for fungal growth.Nowadays, application of AgNPs confirmed their effectiveness in treatment of cancer, bone implant, anti-inflammatory and their biocidal act against many bacteria and pathogens (Husseiny et al., 2015 Majeed et al., 2016).The antibacterial properties of AgNPs are due to the oxidisation and liberation of Ag+ ions into the environment that makes it an ideal biocidal agent (Sivakumar et al., 2015). It is expected that the large step to the fore area to volume ratio as well as high fraction of the surface atoms of the nanoparticles increase their antimicrobial activity as compared with bulk silver metal (Joy and Johnson, 2015).Moreover, the small size of the nanoparticles facilitates their penetration inside the cell. Additionally, excellent antibacterial properties exhibited by AgNPs are due to their well-developed surface which provides maximum contact with the environment (Mitiku and Yilma, 2017).Recent research approved the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles against many bacteria especially those having the capability to cause severe disease for the human such as Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococci and Pseudomonas sp (Devi and Joshi, 2012 Shelar and Chavan, 2014 Muhsin and Hachim, 2016 Madakka et al., 2018 Saravanakumar and Wang, 2018).However, shape, dimension, and the exterior charge as well as the concentration of the AgNPs are important factors that affect the antimicrobial activity the nanoparticles against the tested bacteria (Madakka et al., 2018). Devi and Joshi (2012) approved the antibacterial activ ity of AgNPs comparing with erythromycin, methicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin agents Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecalis.They showed that the diameter of inhibition zones obtained by the silver-nanoparticles, with 5-50 nm in diameter, were more than those obtained by the antibiotics. Shelar and Chavan, (2014) showed that Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus sp were inhibited by silver nanoparticles with diameter of 17-32 nm in very close pattern to the standard antibiotic streptomycin.Muhsin and Hachim (2016) reported the best concentration of silver nanoparticles with diameter 8-90 nm that showed affectionate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus streptomycin was 100 l/ ml. establish on the above-mentioned information, we assume that fungi as bio-factories for the biogenic synthesis of the silver nanoparticles are very interesting during eco-friendly and safe technology, also for future application as antimicrobial agents.NanotechnologyNanotechnology is a new multidisciplinary science interfering with many research areas and aspects. This technology deals with so small particles ranges from 1 to 100 nm (Birla et al., 2009 Husseiny et al., 2015). Nanoparticles of some metals like Au, Ag, Pt and Cu have paid more attention because of their biotechnological benefits (Rai and Duran, 2011).Research revealed the multiapplication of nanoparticle due to their unique properties in electronics, medicine, agriculture, pharmaceutic and environment (Nanda and Majeed, 2014 Dasgupta et al., 2015). Metal nanoparticles emerged as an alternative variety of antibacterial agents against strains of high resistance to the classical antibiotics (Naseem and Farrukh, 2015).Nanoparticles were used as antiviral agents (Gaikwad et al., 2013), effective antibacterial (Singh et al., 2013), cancer cells and antitumor (Daenen e t al., 2014). Many researches have been directed to apply the nanoparticles of metals as anthelmintic (Garga and Chandrab, 2012), antifungal (Kim et al., 2012), antiprotozoal (Said et al., 2012), , acaricidal (Marimuthu et al., 2013) and larvicidal (Muthukumaran et al., 2015).Nanoparticles have many chemical and physical characteristics that differ from the metallic particles. Specific characteristics of nanoparticles such as their optical, physicochemical, mechanical properties make them crucial in many applications. Therefore, nanoparticles could be the key factor for the future technologies.Scientific as well as public associations are paying their attention for nanoparticles technology as a good investment source. Nanoparticles could be produced via physical, chemical or biological methods (Haider and Kang, 2015 Ebrahiminezhad et al., 2017). Both chemical and physical methods use reducing agents such as sodium borohydride, sodium citrate and alcohols (Rai and Duran, 2011).Howeve r, using of microorganisms in synthesis of nanoparticles represents another great achievement because of the economic and ease production (Shelar and Chavan, 2014 Patel et al., 2015). Research revealed that biological methods is an inexpensive and eco-friendly way for synthesis of nanoparticles.This method used biological agents including bacteria, fungi, yeast and plants (Mourato et al., 2011). Recently, emerging such microorganisms as eco-friendly nano-factories to manufacture inorganic nanoparticles was attractive (Lee et al., 2004 Lengke et al., 2007). Fungi were mentioned as excellent candidates for metal nanoparticle synthesis because they contain many of enzymes that induce the production (Sastry et al., 2003).It was assumed that the mechanism involved in nanoparticles production by fungi was due to cell wall sugars that could reduce the metal ions (Mukherjee et al., 2002) and because they have the high cell wall binding capacity, metal uptake and secrete more amounts of prot eins lead to the higher productivity of nanoparticles (Vahabi et al., 2011). Fungi have some advantages over the other microorganisms regarding the synthesis of NPs, because fungal mycelia are able to resist pressure, high temperature and easy storage in the laboratory (Kiran et al., 2016).There are many of metals for biosynthesis (NPs) such as copper, zinc, iron, iron trichloride, lead carbonate, gold and silver (Siddiqi and Husen, 2016). In addition, silver NPs could be synthesized by fungi either intracellularly or extracellularly but the extracellular biosynthesis downstream process much easier and showed more activities against many pathogens (Ahmad et al., 2003).Among the active fungi that were reported to produce nanoparticles Rhizopous oryzae produced nanoparticles intracellularly of gold (Das et al., 2012), Verticillium sp extracellularly peodcued gold and silver nanoparticles (Soni and Prakash, 2014) in the size range of 2051 nm. However, F. oxysporum produced nanoparticle s of silver of 515 nm and 8-14 nm in diameter extracellularly (Ahmad et al., 2003 Senapati et al., 2005).Many other fungi were approved for their productivity of nanoparticles of different metals either extracellularly or intracellularly includingPhoma sp. (Chen et al., 2003), the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. (Shankar et al., 2003), Aspergillus fumigatus (Kuber and DSouza, 2006) , Fusarium acuminatum (Ingle et al., 2008) , Trichoderma asperellum (Mukherjee et al., 2008), F. semitectum (Sawle et al., 2008), Phoma glomerate (Birla et al. 2009), F. solani (Ingle et al., 2009) , plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger (Gade et al., 2008 Jaidev and Narasimha, 2010), Aspergillus flavus (Vigneshwaran et al., 2007 Jain et al., 2011) , Paecilomyces lilacinus (Devi and Joshi, 2012), endophytic fungus Pencillium sp. (Singh et al., 2013), Aspergillus foetidus (Roy and Das, 2014), Rhizopus stolonifer (AbdelRahim et al., 2017), Penicillium Oxalicum (Bhattacharjee et al., 2017) and Tricho derma atroviride (Saravanakumar and Wang, 2018).Many recent reports have shown that production of nanoparticles by fungi are could be affected by various condition of temperature, biomass weight, time and pH ( Balakumaran et al., 2016 Liang et al., 2017 Othman et al., 2017). Husseiny et al. (2015) reported that most important factors that were affecting the biosynthesis of AgNPs were the temperature, pH, time, the concentration of AgNO3 and amount biomass.Narayanan and Sakthivel (2010) approved that incubation at 27 0C for 72 h with 7 pH and 10 g of the fungal biomass and 1mM concentration of AgNPs were considered the optimum conditions for production of AgNPs from AgNO3 by fungi. Researches showed some variations in the characteristics of the biosynthesized AgNPs by different fungal species. These variations could be due to the source of fungal isolates or strains and types of medium (Devi and Joshi, 2012 Roy and Das, 2014). When Alam et al. (2017) compared the different types of m edia, they found Czapex dox broth was a good medium to produce enough mycelial biomass to synthesize AgNPs.This because this medium contains essential carbon and nitrogen source along with other vital macro and micronutrients such as magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, iron and zinc which are vital for fungal growth.Nowadays, application of AgNPs confirmed their effectiveness in treatment of cancer, bone implant, anti-inflammatory and their biocidal activity against many bacteria and pathogens (Husseiny et al., 2015 Majeed et al., 2016).The antibacterial properties of AgNPs are due to the oxidation and liberation of Ag+ ions into the environment that makes it an ideal biocidal agent (Sivakumar et al., 2015). It is expected that the large surface area to volume ratio as well as high fraction of the surface atoms of the nanoparticles increase their antimicrobial activity as compared with bulk silver metal (Joy and Johnson, 2015).Moreover, the small size of the nanoparticles facilit ates their penetration inside the cell. Additionally, excellent antibacterial properties exhibited by AgNPs are due to their well-developed surface which provides maximum contact with the environment (Mitiku and Yilma, 2017).Recent research approved the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles against many bacteria especially those having the capability to cause severe disease for the human such as Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococci and Pseudomonas sp (Devi and Joshi, 2012 Shelar and Chavan, 2014 Muhsin and Hachim, 2016 Madakka et al., 2018 Saravanakumar and Wang, 2018).However, shape, dimension, and the exterior charge as well as the concentration of the AgNPs are important factors that affect the antimicrobial activity the nanoparticles against the tested bacteria (Madakka et al., 2018). Devi and Joshi (2012) approved the antibacterial activity of AgNPs comparing with erythr omycin, methicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin agents Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecalis.They showed that the diameter of inhibition zones obtained by the silver-nanoparticles, with 5-50 nm in diameter, were more than those obtained by the antibiotics. Shelar and Chavan, (2014) showed that Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus sp were inhibited by silver nanoparticles with diameter of 17-32 nm in very close pattern to the standard antibiotic streptomycin.Muhsin and Hachim (2016) reported the best concentration of silver nanoparticles with diameter 8-90 nm that showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus streptomycin was 100 l/ ml. Based on the above-mentioned information, we assume that fungi as bio-factories for the biogenic synthesis of the silver nanoparticles are very interesting during eco-friendly and safe tec hnology, also for future application as antimicrobial agents.

The flight

For more free printable resources please evils YMMV. Macromolecules. Com Type the use for non-commercial use only. Document title This file is available to Type the document this through your profess blobs / You are welcome to let others know obtrusively websites, however permission is not bushman&khan to file share, instead please direct granted Pick the date your readers with a unite to www. Macromolecules. Com where they can find the file to download Install.Your support Is appreciated, Azimuthally shrunk. Type the top of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. elm seeker mini check series YMMV. Miscellaneously. Com Welcome Ramadan by Allah tells us In the Curran. I cr wareed the Jinn and humankind only that they might worship Me (Sarah dad- Diarist ayah 56) The 5 pillars of Islam Shaded Kaka Sum HajjSum in Ra madan is cardinal of the pillars of Islam Murray set off al-l Ramadan Safari Jump tat-Thingy Shawl Rabat al-Law Rabat tat-Thin Raja Shabby Duh al-Qaeda Duh al-Hajji From when the sun starts to rise in the morning, to when the sun sets at night, we do not eat or fox during the month of Ramadan Sahara is a special meal eaten before the sun rises late at night Like a Narrated Nanas bin Mali The Prophet said collide with Sahara as thither is a blessing in it. Isaiah al Babushka, The Book of As-Sum headset 1923Draw a picture of what you would like to eat for Sure. During the day we do not eat or drink Also we must not be rude or mean to anyone At the end of the day when the sun sets, we can eat again It is good to eat dates because the Prophet Muhammad told us it is good to eat them when we break our fast Salaam bin Emir narrated that the Messenger of Allah When any one of you breaks his fast, let him break it with dates. If he cannot find dates, then let him break it with water, f or it is a means of purification (Isaiah)Susan Bin Malay Chapter on what has been narrated concerning fasting, Headset 1699 Draw a picture of what you would like to eat after breaking fast The thirst is gone, and the veins are quenched, and the reward is assured, if Allah wills At the time of breaking our fast, when we are about to eat, there is a data we can say, Just as the Prophet Muhammad did. Used to say when breaking his fast The thirst is gone, and the veins are quenched, and the reward is assured Allah wills. Susan ABA Dad, The book of Fasting, headset 2357In Ramadan people pray late at night, hoping for Allahs reward and forgiveness Design a mat. You could use felt tips and pencils to color, or even stick bits of constitution or material Its up to you On deep LU-Quad Allah gives us more rewards So we try to so lots of worship. We do not know when Lately LU-Quad is exactly, but we know it is in the last 10 nights of Ramadan At the end of Ramadan is a big celebration, Did LU Fit This is a special time and we cumulate together to pray Salaam LU Did Draw a Ramadan picture

An Imagery Example in Huckelberry Finn Essay

IMAGERY Imagery is a description in a work of literature that can be created through the natural senses of the human body, including visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile elements.EXAMPLE I never felt easy till the jackpot was two mile below on that point and out in the middle of the Mississippi I was powerful glad to get onward from the feuds we said there warnt no home like a tidy sum, after all. Other places seem so cramped up and sm early(a)y, but a raft dont. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. (128)Twain, Mark. _The Adventures of huckleberry Finn._ New York Penguin Books, 2003. Print.FUNCTION The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a young son who runs away from his hometown and society and decides to travel down the Mississippi River with Jim, a slave who becomes his travelling companion along the way. In the example above, Huck is talking about a shooting that goes down between two families that are involved in a feud. While this is just one ex ample, it represents almost every other event that occurred on land versus on the river. When Mark Twain wrote this novel, his goal was to get the message across to his audience using the journey of a young boy travelling down the Mississippi.The entire book is filled with details that help the reader visualize Huckleberrys journey and set the mood for each scene. through and through imagery, the mood is set and as the readers, we can see a vast difference between Huckleberrys experiences on land, and Huckleberrys experiences on the river. In other words, as the story progresses, we realize that Hucks experiences on land represent all of the wrongs ofsociety, while his experiences travelling down the river represent the way Huck wants to live, wild and free. Without Twains excessive use of imagery, we the readers would not be able to picture their experiences well enough to notice the vast difference halfway the two.

Both the Adventure Essay

Both the Adventure of the mottle fortune and honey to the Slaughter share some characteristics of impinge on mysteries. Which reputation is the most typical one? Which report is most successful in creating suspense? Attracting endorsers of all ages for hundreds of years, it is evident through these two stories that the murder mystery story genre has evolved from a more stereotypical whodunit construction, however still continuing to enthral its reader by creating a sense of the unexpected, and engaging them in anxiety through the effective use of language and characters.The Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter share characteristics of murder mysteries and demonstrate the significant difference, which has changed the typical structure through the years. The Speckled Band written in the Victorian ms (1882) by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle during the reign of Queen Victoria, features one of the finest ever adventures of the legendary research worker private detective Holmes w he reas on the other hand Lamb to the Slaughter demonstrates a less predictable or typical whodunit structure written in the 1950s by Roald dahl.Those essential elements of a murder mystery are witnessed in both stories including the detectives, villains, motives, atmosphere, and the narration allowing the reader a more direct participation. The Speckled Band looks at how a tragic death has left Helen Stoner, who lives in Stoke Moran with her stepfather, extremely frightened. Helens sister Julia died in mysterious circumstances just earlier to her marriage, and Julia had spoken to Helen about a low whistling sound she had heard in the night just before she died, and she said something to Helen about a Speckled Band she had seen.Helen goes to visit Sherlock Holmes and she reveals that an agreement was made, whereby all her mothers money would go to Dr Roylott (her stepfather), with a provision that a certain annual rack up should be allowed for each of us in the til nowt of our marr iage. After investigation, Holmes later finds out that each sister would get i 250, which at the time was a great deal of money. The reader sees a clear motive for the murder of Julia Stoner, as she was about to inherit a huge sum of money, which her stepfather would begin to give.The reader is lead to believe that because Dr Roylott would find to give a large sum of money to both the girls this may be his motive for murdering Helen prior to her marriage. Helen in any case therefore appears to be in danger building the suspense from early in the plot. The story then goes on to look at the typical detective manner of Sherlock Holmes, who uncovers the truth behind the unexpected death of Julia Stoner, always accompanied by his friend Dr Watson from whom the adventure is seen through, allowing the reader an immediate involvement in the mystery and a force to believe Dr Watson.Holmes and Watson work on various clues with the help of Helen to find out that it was a snake let out by Dr Roylott that killed Julia. Sir Conan Doyle wrote detective fiction in the Speckled Band for a reader who would appreciate the traditional structure, adapting from a more serious, realistic Victorian lifestyle where the doctors were of a higher society. The story gives the reader a hint or motive for murder in the very beginning whereas on the other hand Lamb to the Slaughter, holds back a lot of information and tricks the reader, giving a more unexpected approach and a less typical one such as the Speckled Band.The audience had a different liking and therefore The Speckled Band was more popular compared to a more varied approach, which is popular with the novel audience. The Speckled Band is written looking at the Victorian lifestyle therefore looking at the traditional views. This reflects the storys structure as it is set in an old mansion in mysterious surroundings, which was a traditional setting. Sir Conan Doyles story revolves around the character of the detective, Sherlock Holmes, which is a favored technique of mystery novelists, probably because it leaves a place for sequel.The story, though centred on Holmes, is told as seen through the eyes of his companion, Dr Watson, providing a good example of writing in the first person. The Speckled Band was published in a magazine called the Strand magazine, which gave short chapters every week, therefore always leaving the reader in suspense, guessing until the next chapter was published. There are many things that tell us that this story was written in the late 19th century, for example Helen Stoner arrived by dog-cart.Miss Stoner is dressed in all black and wearing a veil, possibly suggesting that she is in mourning which was common at the time when person close to you died. In the Victorian times middle class women were very dependent on their husband and were therefore without very much independence. We know this because Holmes says when unripe ladies wander about the metropolis at this hour of the morning, and knock sleepy people up out of their beds, I presume that it is something very pressing which they have to communicate, suggesting that the woman wouldnt come at this time for no reason.It also suggests that for this reason he is interested in why this woman is here therefore first calling Dr Watson to meet her too. In contrast, Lamb to the Slaughter is probably set in a house in an American suburb. The story gives the first image of a devoted housewife who has an understandable love for her house. Everything is done, as if to perfection as Dahl presents her surroundings as clean, comfortable and peaceful. The live was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight-hers and the one by the empty chair opposite. This suggests that she has made sure everything is prepared for her husbands arrival as she has even lit the table lamp beside the empty chair. The story is seen from Marys perspective however it is written in a third person narration (omniscient n arrator) this allows the reader to picture the story from her perspective and gets a greater depth into her character. This is not very typical of the murder mystery genre as usually the story is seen through the detective, victim or from another perspective but it is not common to be from the murderers view.Dahl has used a very untypical narration, which works very well to see a character in depth. This also makes the reader sympathise for Mary, as the narrator seems to do. Secondly Dahl describes Mary as a pregnant woman with soft, loveable features and a skin that has a wonderful translucent quality. This makes the reader now caveat for Mary and makes her a perfect victim being weak and a woman. It appears that Mary waits patiently every day for her husband to arrive from work and is overjoy at his arrival.

Nursing Knowledge through the Nursing Process Essay

The estimation phase of the nurse process is foundational for appropriate diagnosis, planning and , (Ackley & Ladwig, 2014, p3). This beginning phase of the nursing process is heavy for many reasons. Not only be we meeting our patient roles for the first time but we collect but object and subjective data to put together and create a picture of our patient. The apply makes an assessment of the patient, utilizing alone the info that is bring ined and can better understand their needs. Each nourish, through time and practice, attractive tunes these assessment tools demand to go even further into a patients needs such as the holistic approach of mind, body and spirit. Assessment information conference is done by looking at the patients chart, discussing with the patient about their history, and even through communication with the family members.The subjective date we can gather from the patient and family can help us understand how they are feeling or thinking. A thorough h ealth and medical history are principal(prenominal) so that we can implement the best care designed specifically for that patient. The physical assessment is also important this gives us objective information regarding the patients current vitals signs, physical head to toe and any diagnostics previously done or that need to be completed. The information that gathered in this phase helps create the next phase which is formulating a nursing diagnosis.Diagnosis PhaseIn the diagnosis phase of the nursing process, the nurse begins clustering the information within the client story and formulating and formulates an evaluative judgment about a clients health , (Ackley & Ladwig, 2014, p3). After a nurse gathers all the subjective and objective information about the patient alone with using their knowledge, we formulate a diagnosis using NANDA, North American nursing Diagnosis Association. There is a list ofnursing diagnosis related to primary clinical issues and may or may not have coll ateral issues too. The patient may also have many different diagnosis that need to treat as well, so the gathering information phase antecedent to the diagnosis phase is paramount. A working nursing diagnosis may have two or three parts. The two-part system consists of a nursing diagnosis and the related to (r/t) statement.The three-part system consists of a nursing diagnosis. The related to (r/t) statement and the designing characteristics, which are observable cues/inferences that cluster as manifestations of actual or wellness nursing diagnosis (Ackley & Ludwig, 2014, p4). This three-part system helps the nurse understand the primary diagnosis and the symptoms involved and what those symptoms may be related to. Creating a nursing diagnosis takes into term all data collected, other health issues (chronic or acute), symptoms that need to be treated and taking it all in with a holistic approach as a nurse.The Outcomes / Planning PhaseAccording to King (1997), In this phase the nu rse is able to use the prior steps of the nursing process and stool off of it for the Outcome/Planning phase. The nurse formulates a course of action based on the her assessment and nursing diagnosis. The nurse uses her critical thinking abilities to range and develops specific nursing interventions and documents her plan accordingly.Implementation PhaseThe implementation phase of the nursing process is the stage where the nurse can put her nursing assessment to action. The confine intervention Classification or NIC, is a system that defines nursing interventions and clusters them into families of therapies and treatments that gear toward a specific problem. According to Forbes, Nursing requires robust clinical seek to show that its interventions do not harm and have a beneficial effect. In this vital stage of the nursing process, there is a certain take of knowledge needed effectively to accomplish a positive outcome for the patient. At this point, a substantial amount of sci entific knowledge is also needed so to understand how the interventions that are chosen, go forth impact the outcome for the patient. (Forbes, 2009) The knowledge needed at this point are as followsNurse moldiness be able to understanding the medical knowledge of the diagnosis and how it impacts the patients physical and psychosocial functions Nurse must be able to determine if the intervention will produce the desired outcome for the patient based on scientific research. Nurse must know what equipment or resources needed for the chosen intervention Nurse must know the patients current status , to be sure the intervention is still relevant Nurse must be assured of patients spiritual and culture needs that may potentially hinder the interventions outcome. Nurse must know what evidence will determine the persuasiveness of the interventionEvaluation PhaseThe nursing knowledge is needed and describes the scientific basis of nursing knowledge. Evaluation is defined as the judgment of the effectiveness of nursing care to meet the patients goals. According to King (1997), in this step of the nursing process the nurse compares the patients behavioral responses with shape patients goals and outcome criteria. Evaluation is the final step in the nursing process. Although evaluation is the final step in the nursing process, it has concurrently run throughout all phases of the nursing process. The nursing knowledge that is needed in the Evaluation step of the nursing process in Nurses must be able to identify criteria and standards. Nurses must be able to evaluate collected data. Nurses must be able to interpret and synthesise data. Nurses must be able to document findings and identify when goals are met, or when to revise, update, change or complete the care plan.References(2014). In B. J. Ackley, & G. B. Ladwig, Nursing Diagnosis Handbook An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care, Tenth Edition. Missouri Mosby. Forbes, A. (2009). Clinical Intervention Research in Nurs ing . International Journal of Nursing Studies, pg 557-568. King JA, Morris LL, Fitz-Gibbon CT. How to Assess Program Implementation

Indian Independence Movement Essay

The Constitution of India is the Supreme rectitude of India. It lays plenty the frame naturalize defining fundamental g all overnmental principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest write constitution of any main(a) country in the universe of discourse, containing 448 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 97 amendments. anyways the English version, there is an official Hindi translation. Dr B.R. Ambedkar is widely regarded as the father of the Indian Constitution. The Constitution was enacted by the piece hookup on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950.The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration of independency of 1930. With its bankers acceptance, the Union of India officially became the modern and contemporary Republic of India and it replaced the Government of India c rook 1935 as the countrys fundamental governing document. The Constitution decl ares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, ensure its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity among them. The words socialist and secular were added to the definition in 1976 by constitutional amendment. India celebrates the adoption of the constitution on 26 January each year as Republic Day Background main(prenominal) article Indian independence galleryThe major portion of the Indian subcontinent was under British colonial rule from 1757 to 1947. The impact of economic, political and social exploitation during this period helped the gradual rise of the Indian independence movement to gain independence from foreign rule. The movement culminated in the formation of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947, along with the Dominion of Pakistan. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, proclaiming India to be a sovereign, democratic republic. It contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India after its independence from British rule. On the sidereal day the constitution came into effect, India ceased to be a normal of the British Crown.The Indian constitution is the worlds longest constitution. At the time of commencement, the constitution had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. It consists of just about 80,000 words and took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to build. In the United Kingdom the situation of the Secretary of State for India was the authority through whom Parliament exercised its rule (along with the Council of India), and established the office of Viceroy of India (along with an decision maker Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British Government).The Indian Councils cultivate 1861 issued for a Legislative Council consisting of the appendages of the Executive council and non-offici al phalluss. The Indian Councils Act 1892 established provincial legislatures and increased the powers of the Legislative Council. Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government, their power still remained limited. The Indian Councils Act 1909 and the Government of India Act 1919 further expanded participation of Indians in the government.Government of India Act 1935 main article Government of India Act 1935The provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, though never implemented fully, had a great impact on the Constitution of India. Many key features of the constitution are directly interpreted from this Act. The federal structure of government, provincial autonomy, a bicameral central legislature consisting of a federal fabrication and a Council of States and the separation of legislative powers between the centre and states are some of the provisions of the Act which are present in the Constitution of India.The Cabinet missionary post PlanMai n article 1946 Cabinet Mission to IndiaIn 1946, British Prime attend Clement Attlee formulated a cabinet mission to India to hold forth and finalize plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership as well as provide India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations.67 The Mission discussed the framework of the constitution and dictated down in some detail the procedure to be followed by the constitution drafting body. Elections for the 296 lay asgestural to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. The Constituent Assembly of India first met and began work on 26 November 1946. The mission consisted of master copy Pethick-Lawrence, the Secretary of State for India, Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade, and A. V. Alexander, the First Lord of the Admiralty. However, Lord Wavell, the Viceroy of India, did not participate.Indian independence Act 1947Main article Indian Independence Act 1947The In dian Independence Act, passed by the British Parliament on 18 July 1947, divided British India into two new independent states, India and Pakistan, which were to be dominions under the Commonwealth of Nations until they had each finished drafting and enacted a new constitution. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate states, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion.The Act also terminated British suzerainty over the princely states, each of which was left to dissolve whether to bend to one or other of the new dominions or to continue as independent states in their own right. However, in most cases the states were so dependent on central institutions that they were widely expected to accede to a dominion. When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, it repealed the Indian Independence Act. India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic. 26 November 1949 is also known as subject field Law Day.Constituent AssemblyMain article Constituent Assembly of IndiaThe Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies.8 Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Munshi, Purushottam Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta were some important figures in the Assembly.There were more than 30 members of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community, and the Parsis were represented by H. P. Modi. The Chairman of the Minorities Committee was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a sumptuous Christian who represented all Christians other than Anglo-Indians. Ari Bahadur Gururng represented the Gorkha Community. Prominent jurists like Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Benegal Narsing Rau and K . M. Munshi, Ganesh Mavlankar were also members of the Assembly. Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur and Vijayalakshmi Pandit were important women memberDr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is hailed as the prime architect of Indian Constitution The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent Assembly was Dr Sachidanand Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly. The members of the Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 9 celestial latitude 1946.Independent IndiaIndia acquired independence on 15 August 1947 though sections of the country were carved out and sew together together to create another new country, Pakistan. The institutional road to independence was perhaps laid down by the Government of India Act of 1935, where the gradual emergence of India as a self-governing entity had first been part envisioned. Following Indias independence in 1947, the Constituent Assembly deliberated over the precise con stitutional futurity of India. On 26 January 1950, India became a Republic, and the Constitution of India was promulgated. Jawaharlal Nehru had become the countrys first Prime rector in 1947, and in 1952, in the countrys first general election with a customary franchise, Nehru led the Indian National Congress to a clear victory.The Congress had long been the principal political party in India, providing the leadership to the struggle for independence, and under Nehrus stewardship it remained the largest and most influential party over the next three decades. In 1957, Nehru was elected to yet another five-year term as a member of the Lok Sabha and chosen to head the government. His regime was marked by the advent of five-year plans, designed to bring big recognition and industry to India in Nehrus own language, steel mills and dams were to be the temples of modern India. Relations with Pakistan remained chilling, and the purported familiarity of India and China proved to be some thing of a hoax.Chinas invasion of Indias borders in 1962 is utter to have dealt a mortal blow to Nehru. Nehru was succeeded at his death on 27 May 1964 for a period of two weeks by Gulzarilal Nanda (1898-1998), a veteran Congress politician who became active in the non-cooperation movement in 1922 and served several prison terms, principally in 1932 and from 1942-44 during the Quit India movement. Nanda served as acting Prime Minister until the Congress had elected a new leader, Lal Bahadur Shastri, also a veteran politician who came of age during the Gandhi-led non-cooperation movement. Shastri was the via media candidate who, perhaps unexpectedly, led the country to something of a victory over Pakistan in 1965.Shastri and the vanquished Pakistani President, Muhammad Ayub Khan, signed a peace treaty at Tashkent in the former Soviet Union on 10 January 1966, but Shastri barely lived to witness the accolades that were now being showered upon him since he died of an heart attack th e day after the treaty was signed. Shastris empathy for the subaltern classes is conveyed through the slogan, Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer, which is attributed to him and through which he is remembered at Vijay Ghat, the national memorial to him in New Delhi in the proximity of Rajghat, the national memorial to Mohandas Gandhi.

Lets reform our schools Essay

alcoholic drink is dangerous for health because it causes intoxication. Every somebody is possess an inhibitory centre in their brains which prevents the person from doing things that he considers wrong. When a person drinks alcohol it inhibits the inhibitory centre which causes intoxication. For instance a person does not unremarkably use abusive language while addressing his parents or elders. I he has to answer the call of nature, his inhibitory centre will prevent him from doing so in public therefore he uses toilet. When a person consumes alcohol, the inhibitory centre itself is inhibited. The intoxicated person is found to use abusive and foul language and does not realize his mistake even if he is addressing his parents.Many even urinate in their clothes. Neither do they talk nor walk properly. They even misbehave. According to the National Crime Victimization Survey Bureau of justness (U.S. Department of Justice) in the year 1996 alone allday on an average 2,713 rapes to ok place. The statistics tell us that the volume of the rapists, were intoxicated while committing the crime. The same is true in cases of molestation. According to the statistics, 8% of the Americans commit incest in different words one in every twelve to thirteen persons in America is involved in incest. One of the major factors associated with the spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the most dreaded disease, is alcoholism.There are so many cases of adultery, rape, incent and AIDS found more among alcoholics. The statistics tell us that the majority of the rapists, were intoxicated while committing the crime. The same is true in cases of molestation. repayable to that fact we come to know when someone consumes alcohol once and commits something shameful, it will remains with him for a lifetime. In a state of intoxication he commits rape or incest. Even if the act is later(prenominal) regretted, a normal human being is likely to carry the guilt throughout his life. M ost of the pot dont know what could happen after the consumption of alcohol. The maximum number of deaths in the serviceman related to any one particular cause is due to the consumption of alcohol. Millions of people die every year only because of intake of alcohol.There are so many ill-effects of alcohol such as Cirrhosis of Liver, Cancer of Oesophagus, Cancer of Head and Neck, Cancer of Liver, Cancer of Bowel, Oesophagitis, Gastritis, Pancreatitis, Hepatitis, Cardiomyophagitis, Hypertension, Coronary Artherosclerosis, Angina, Heart Attacks, Strokes, Apoplexy, Fits, Paralysis, Peripheral Neuropathy, cortical Atrophy, Cerebellar Atrophy, Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome, Beriberi, even Pellagra occurs in alcoholic, and many other diseases are cause by alcoholism. Due to that fact alcoholism is a very serious risk and we all should be prevented by this bad desire. Consumption of alcohol is very dangerous for our health.

Inustry Competitor Analysis-Casino Hotel

Executive abbreviation The center of our manufacture and foe analysis research is MGM Mirage, the second elephantinest gambling cassino hotel operator in the domain with $7. 2 one thousand one million million million in r pointue enhancements in 2008. The only parliamentary procedure that surpasses MGM Mirage by tax and scale is Harrahs Entertainment Inc. with $10. 8 billion in revenues in 2008. Other adversarys that should be considered be Las Vegas littoral Corp. and Wynn doctors Ltd with respectively $1. 7 and most $1 billion in revenues in 2008. Our group focused on researching the microscope stage of scourge and the alikely future combative moves that Harrahs Entertainment, Las Vegas sands Corp. nd Wynn Resorts Ltd get out undertake in short ( con conditioninous 3-6 months) and long term (next 1-3 eld). In order to be fitted to consider the cont prohibiters stage of threat and future moves we completed a pair-wise devil-step competitor analysis t hat included research and comparison of grocery commonality, competitive asymmetry, preferencefulness standardizedity, intentions, beliefs, relation resource differences, past moves, and counter moves for all abovementi adeptd competitors versus MGM Mirage. After the completion of our research, we think that presently, MGM Mirage is in a direct competition with only one of its competitors-Harrahs Entertainment Inc.The early(a) dickens competitors, Las Vegas littoral Corp. and Wynn Resorts Ltd, do non represent a direct threat to MGM at the moment however, their strategical moves should not be overlooked, because of their alike product offerings, geographical elaborateness plans and rumped consumer base. In order for MGM Mirage to be up of its competition, the smart hard-boiled should focus not only on geographic working out in US, precisely too on supranational expansion including through cooperative arrangements with other industry caprioleers, modifyd operat ional cleverness to minimize tolls and technological increase to maximize revenue. Focal FirmMGM Mirage, the focus of our research, is one of the stellar(a) companies in the gambling gambling cassino hotels industry. The unwaveringly emerged from the consolidation between MGM Grand and Mirage Resorts in 2000. Some of its most acknowledge dents argon MGM Grand, Luxor, Bellagio, and The Mirage. The gild became the capaciousst by revenue within its category after acquiring Mandalay Resort grouping for $7. 9 billion in 2005, however was surpassed by Harrahs after the acquisition of Caesars. The flying owns 16 properties in Nevada, Mississippi, and Michigan and has 50% investments in four other properties in Nevada, New Jersey, Illinois, and Macau, china.MGM acts in the front place as a holding participation and the majority of its operations are conducted through its wholly owned subsidiaries1. MGMs system is to develop and maintain its competitive receipts through sloshed portfolio of lags in-house touch ons operations to ensure outstanding customer service and to include for maximum revenue and profit generation execution of sustainable process outline and leverage of brand name and management assets1. The time line of our research study is 2008-2011.The beau monde owns, invests, and manages resorts in different food commercialise segments and it focuses on premier resort ownership in severally geographic marketplace. The largest segment is Nevada however, the alliance is looking as well for parvenu markets with harvest-tide potential. Some of the perils associated with the current strategy are consociateed to limitations in geographic diversifications-all major resorts are concentrated in Las Vegas and some of MGMs largest competitors operate in the same geographic area. MGMs revenue for 2008 was $7. 2 billion. CompetitorsThe instaurations largest competitor in the casino hotel industry Harrahs Entertainment Inc. founded in 1937 in Reno, NV. The company owns, operates, and manages over 50 casinos in US and UK in different industry sectors. Its operations include casino hotels, riverboat casinos, Indian casinos and so on This firm, as well as other major competitors in the industry, expands primarily through mergers and acquisitions. A fresh example of this strategic behavior was Harrahs acquisition of Caesars Entertainment, which made the company the largest one in the world by revenue, followed by MGM Mirage.In 2008, twain private firms Apollo Advisors and TPG Capital, acquired Harrahs. Since the beginning of 2009, the company has had some major difficulties with revenue generation. The firms facilities boast more(prenominal) than 3 meg sq. ft. of casino s grounds and 39,000 hotel fashions and suites. The company obtains more than 70% of its revenues from gambling. Its US properties are located in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, and Pennsylvani a. Harrahs in any case owns and operates the World serial publication of Poker tournament and brand, and manages casinos on Indian reservations.Globally, the firm owns or manages casinos in UK, Egypt, South Africa, and Macau, China. The companys revenue for 2007 was $10. 8 billion. Las Vegas sands Corp. founded in 1988 is another well known company that operates in casino hotels and development niche. It is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. Some of its well known brands are The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino, The Palazzo ResortHotelCasinos, the sandpaper exposition and Convention Center, and Venetian Macao contain, a developer of multiple casino hotel resort properties in Macao, China.The company is expanding boost with the control surfaceing of Sands Casino Resort in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 2009. The firms revenue for 2008 was $1. 7billion. Wynn Resorts Ltd was formed in 2002 by a former Mirage Resorts chairman and chief executive officer Stephen Wynn. The company has two casinos in Las Vegas-Wynn Las Vegas and encore at Wynn Las Vegas one in Macau, China and another one, scheduled for completion in 2010, in Macau, China. Wynn Resorts revenue for 2008 was a little little than $1 billion. Industry predictions for future attractiveness and implications for MGM MirageResearch gesture The casino hotel industry is sensitive to changes in the consumers disposable income domestic and external travel volume law of proximity to consumer base as well as government regulations. The ingrained gross revenue from gambling was $90. 9 billion in US in 2006-an increase of 7. 7% in comparison with the previous course. In 2009, the Casino Hotels industry is estimated to generate $42,324 million in revenue. The competition in the industry is very eminent and get out probably pass to increase. Around 95% of casino visitors are local2.The casino hotel industry is in its produce life cycle stage. The industry shows signs of slow revenue process. Lower profits t riggered consolidations in the mid(prenominal) 2000s amongst the major industry players- Harrahs merged with Caesars and MGM merged with Mandalay. These two players account for a third of the match industry revenue. Due to the saturation in the domestic market, some of the large industry operators are expanding world(prenominal)ly, mainly to UK and China, which further increases the competition in these countries.The downturn in the economy exit most likely sound to continuous slow ontogeny in the near future. The industry structure has shown that with high barriers to entry, moderate arguing that is limit to 4-5 main competitors, and limited bargaining power of buyers, near-term profitability should be obtainable. There are development electronegative social, political, and economic forces that ordain additionally impact the harvest-tide aspects of the industry. around 70% of industry growth is re modernd to these external forces, while 30% of industry growth is related t o changes in industry structure.The negative con installments of the external driving forces outweigh the positive consequences of the industry structure. MGM Mirage accounts for approximately 14% of the total market capitalization of the industry and 15% of the total industry revenues and it get out most likely follow the industry trends during the next one to leash historic period. Therefore, the casino hotel industry appears unattractive for MGM Mirage. Keeping in mind these industry and competitor characteristics our group focused on researching the degree of threat and the likely future competitive moves that Harrahs Entertainment, Las Vegas Sands Corp. nd Wynn Resorts Ltd will undertake in short (next 3-6 months) and long term (next 1-3 years). Pair-Wise Two-Step Competitor digest Model A pair-wise two-step competitor analysis lesson was utilised in order to deduce and test MGM Mirage and its competitors future moves. The pose consists of researching and evaluating th e following aspects of rivals compared to the central firm market commonality, competitive asymmetry, resource similarity, intentions, beliefs, relative resource differences, past moves, and viable counter moves.The model proposes a comprehensive reasonableness of the focal firm, the focal firms competitors, the rivals intentions, and facilities the extrapolation of feasible strategies for the focal firm (See Figure 1) 3. The first step of the model is to fall upon the degree of threat a competitor poses to the focal firm by defining the competitors and evaluating the focal firm and each one of the competitors as a pair in terms of market commonality, competitive asymmetry, and resource similarity.Competitors are identified as firms operating in the same industry offering similar products and targeting similar customers4. Competitors in this evaluation are limited to Casino Hotels, NAICS code 72112, which are crystalizeified by the US Census Bureau as an industry that consists of establishments primarily manoeuverd in providing short-term lodging in hotel facilities with a casino on the premises. The casino on premises includes control panel wagering games and may include other gambling activities, such as slot machines and sports betting.Market commonality is defined as the degree of presence that a competitor manifests in the markets its overlaps with the focal firm (multi-market competition)5. Throughout this analysis, geographic divisions as well as product types or offerings pctage contribution to gross revenue are utilized to analyze market commonality. Resource similarity is defined as the extent to which a given competitor possesses strategic endowments equal in terms of both the type and the amount to those of the focal firm (value chain)6.The special resources utilized to contrast organizations engaged in the Casino Hotels industry are monetary strength, image, brand, product offerings, number of years in operation, number of casinos, and expansion plans. Identifying resource similarity of competitors is crucial because firms with analogous resources tend to implement comparable strategies, possess similar strengths, and suffer from similar weaknesses. The final phase of the first step in the competitor analysis model is to explore competitive asymmetry, which defines What are the differences in market share across markets?Who has more market power? Where? 7 Competitive asymmetry helps to rank the degree of threat of competitor to the focal firm. The second step of the model consists of deriving competitors future moves and strategy from the information compiled in step one and their beliefs, intentions, and past strategic moves. Competitors beliefs consist of beliefs roughly their organizations point in the market, the industry likely, the focal firm, and the organizations mission. Competitors beliefs provide a window into their intentions.The second phase is to infer competitors intentions such as immemorial ob jective, target market, pose towards risk, and ownership objectives. The model used to analyze MGM Mirages competitors focused on debt to determine attitude towards risk, expansion focus to determine target market, and brand image to determine ownership intent. In order to reinforce the inferences made about a competitor beliefs and intentions, a timeline of the competitors past strategic actions are analyzed. former(prenominal) actions of a competitor consist of changes in pricing model, product mix, promotions, and target market.In addition to the competitors past actions, the duration, frequency, and reason for past actions require additional analysis. Implementing the pair-wise two-step competitor analysis model provides estimations about a rivals future moves, when the moves will occur, how a rival will respond to the focal firms strategic moves, and what types of strategic moves to which the competitor is vulnerable. Understanding the focal firms competitors and their compet itors future strategies and responses can be used to provide the focal firm with an edge in creating a sustainable competitive gain. MethodologyThe group first looked to identify our research objectives, which primarily consisted of identifying the competitors to MGM Mirage who operate Hotel Casinos, analyzing the competitors utilize the pair-wise two-step model of competitive advantage to predict future strategies that would create a competitive advantage for the focal firm. Secondary research was conducted to determine the extent of research on consumer attitudes towards shimmer, consumer bespeak for free rein, gambling consumer demographics, gaming statistics, and information pertaining to competitors of MGM Mirage who operate Hotel Casinos.A plethora of information was available on these topics from individual publications to industry overviews, and even more recently a casino hotel study, which helped to lay the foundation. Secondary research helped to focus the research questions and to provide general information about U. S. gaming consumers. The U. S. Census Bureau provided information and classification codes to help foreshorten down the research and potential competitors. Secondary data consisting of yearbook reports, public filings, news articles, business publications, psychoanalyst projections, and industry associations provided a magnitude of statistics and information.Harrahs Entertainment Inc. Overview Harrahs Entertainment is the worlds largest casino operator. The firm has long history and operates more than 50 casino hotel and golf game game facilities around the world. It went public in 1971. In 2008 the firm went private after its acquisition by Apollo Advisors and TPG Capital. It has more than 85000 employees and it focuses on first class facilities, services, operational efficiency, and technology leadership. Intentions Harrahs intention is to be the number one or two casino operator in almost every major market in the US. The co mpany is living up to their intention.There are only two major domestic markets where the company is beakably absent conscientious objector and Detroit. In 2008, Harrahs purchased Casino Windsor and rebranded it as Caesars Windsor. Although Windsor, Canada is across the river from Detroit, the company does not consider it to be sub syllabus of the Detroit market. Harrahs vision statement states the company strives for each of our brands to be the overwhelming first choice for casino entertainment of its targeted customers8. This statement projects the company is affiliated to the entire brand portfolio and that brands are not used to merely fill the gap between price points.The statement besides suggests the company is not satisfied with existence the first choice but strives to be the overwhelming first choice. Harrahs intentions are focused on the company being the best in the industry. Beliefs Harrahs believes that their recountd and highly efficient business model provi des competitive advantage9. The company describes their strategy as a circular flow chart in which a knockout brand portfolio builds customer loyalty which the company uses their decision science capabilities to further improve their brand portfolio thereby repeating the process.Harrahs believes this business model will lead to same ancestry gaming revenue growth and cross-market play. Harrahs in like manner believes their recent cost cutting initiative will provide tremendous operating leverage once revenue growth returns. The majority of the cost cuts present been in labor and benefits followed by merchandising. Since Harrahs was taken private, the company has substantially improved productivity. The company believes similar operational excellence will repeat itself in their recent cost cutting initiative. Past moves, countermoves, and quantifyHarrahs has almost never been a first-mover to a new market. The firm did not enter Las Vegas until 1980, about 43 years after opening their first casino in Reno, Nevada. Even then, Harrahs did not enter the market on its own. The firm gained a Las Vegas property when the company was acquired by Holiday Inns, which already owned a property in Las Vegas. In a similar sequence, Harrahs entered also late to Atlantic City and was nudged into the market by their parent company, Holiday Inns. It was actually MGM Mirage that first proposed to build a property in Atlantic City in 1979. in spite of having blueprints, the MGM Mirage property was never built, which opened the access for Harrahs to enter Atlantic City a year later with a Holiday Inns project. In 1992, Holiday Corporation spun off their casino business from their hotel business and it wasnt until 1995 that the casino segment was renamed Harrahs Entertainment. Again, Harrahs was a second-mover in another market. This time it was the world(prenominal) market. Harrahs opened their first internationalist property in New Zea solid ground, almost a full year afte r MGM Mirage purchased their first international property in nearby Australia.More recently, Harrahs has continued to take a conservative come on to international development with their wait-and-see attitude with regards to Macau, China and Singapore, the two regions driving international efforts at other casino operators. Harrahs has even followed quickly behind MGM Mirage in acquisitions. In June 2004, MGM Mirage announced the purchase of Mandalay Bay for $7. 9billion. non to be outdone, a month later, Harrahs announced the purchase of Caesars Entertainment $9. 4billlion. The past actions of Harrahs suggest the company will not be the first into new a market.Relative resource position As the largest and most diverse casino operator, Harrahs has greater resources relative to MGM Mirage. establish on total assets, Harrahs is nearly a third larger than MGM Mirage. Harrahs operates 56 properties in 6 countries where as MGM Mirage operates 20 properties, all but the companys Macau pr operty are located in the US. Despite being larger in total size, the size of each of Harrahs properties is considerably smaller than each of MGM Mirages properties. 10(See Figure 2) Harrahs also has the industrys leading customer loyalty program alled Total Rewards. Total Rewards allows players to earn cash, comps, and other benefits for playing at the companys casinos. There are over 40 million members in the program and the company tracks approximately 80% of all gambling. Approximately 45% of all tracked play is cross-market play (guests who visit more than one Harrahs property)11. The company considers the Total Rewards program the engine to generate same store gaming revenue growth and cross-market play through superior marketing and technological capabilities12 .The information in their customer database allows Harrahs to profit by allowing them to monitor the play of all members and to focus marketing efforts on the highest return uses. Total Rewards benefits Harrahs by driv ing revenue, optimizing costs, and maximizing profitability. Predictions Short-term In the short-term, Harrahs actions will be determined by their monetary position. Currently, Harrahs has a large debt overhang, which will reduce the amount of further debt the company is willing and able to take on.Harrahs is not expected to retain big capital spending projects however the company will remain focused on their intention of being the number one or two casino operator in almost every major market in the US (See find 4). Harrahs is predicted to increase non-gaming revenue by utilizing information gleaned from their Total Rewards program. As mentioned earlier, the Total Rewards program is one of the companys largest relative resource advantages. In terms of product mix, Harrahs has one of the worst percentages of non-casino revenue to gross revenue of the four major casino operators.When further analyzing non-casino revenue, one will notice that Harrahs has the lowest percentages of Entertainment, Retail, & Other revenue to gross revenue. The firm can use the Total Rewards political platform to increase the non casino revenue mix. Its members will use their card at stores, restaurants, and events in a style similar to how they scan their cards while gambling. Harrahs can encourage them to start scanning their cards at places other than the slot machine or the blackjack tables by providing discounts on purchases.Harrahs could also count retail points in a method similar to the metrics used for gambling points like time spent gambling, amount wagered, etc. This information would show which restaurants, shops, or events are truly preferred to their customers and it could be mined from the Total Rewards database. Since the majority of Harrahs customers are local, this strategy would not be a national strategy it should be tailored to specific properties (See Figure 3). Additionally, Harrahs will seek a partner to continue construction on their Margaritaville pr operty in Biloxi, Mississippi.The property is a $700 million project, which already includes the singer-songwriter and Mississippi native, Jimmy Buffett, as a partner13. Plans for the project were first announced in 2007 and a year later, the company announced construction will be delayed citing a poor economic environment. The primary reason for the desire for an additional partner is due to mounting financial costs but a partner should also provide get in property construction and development, an area where Harrahs is relatively inexperienced due to their focus on growth through acquisitions.Harrahs should continue construction on the property because the economies of Gulf Coast region ingest held up relatively well due to higher(prenominal) reliance on the energy industry, which has benefitted from rising energy prices in the past year or so and is predicted to do well in the near future. Harrahs has reaffirmed their commitment to the project and has received interest from pro spective partners. Moreover, Harrahs should continue with its regional expansion as legislation and financing permits.The past actions of the industry refer that casino operators enter a state immediately after legislation allows slot machines and video table games like poker and blackjack. Once casino operators establish a presence in new markets, they power in full lobby for expansion of operations, which is typically successful in permitting full casino operations including table games. This sequence has recently repeated itself in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Indiana. It is predicted the next states will be Ohio, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts.Harrahs already has a presence in Ohio when they purchased a bankrupt, horse-racetrack outside of Cleveland earlier this year. Since a bill was just passed in Ohio to allow slots, we believe Harrahs will start to add slot machines to their new property outside of Cleveland. In repetition of the usual sequence, legislation was recentl y proposed to allow four full-service casinos in Ohio. This domestic expansion strategy will not risk cannibalizing sales from their other properties because the typical Harrahs customer is local and the company does not have any properties east of Indiana except for Atlantic City and outside of Philadelphia. long-run In contrast to short-term strategies found on domestic projects, Harrahs is predicted to focus on international efforts in the long-term. During the past four years (2004-2008), the US casino and gaming sector experienced step up annual growth of 3. 7%, which includes a growth rate of -1. 3% in 2008 and is on pace for a decline of 8. 4% for 200914. Estimates of future growth are not very optimistic either. gain is not anticipated to occur until 2011 at which time, it is expected to be gradual. Over the next 5 years (2010-2014), the domestic industry is estimated to grow at an annual rate of 4. %15. On the other hand, international growth has been much greater and is anticipated to continue. During the same year period (2004-2008), the international casino and segment industry experienced a compound annual growth rate of 7. 0%. Recent performance has also been strong including growth of 6. 2% in 2008. Future international estimates include a compound annual growth rate of 5. 8% from 2008-201316. Harrahs will focus internationally given the attractive growth opportunities. As the figures suggest, growth in the casino industry is anticipated to be in the international market.Harrahs has relatively lower percentage of gross revenue derived from outside of the US, only 10%, versus their ternion largest competitors who fair 48%. Harrahs actions acknowledge a focus on international expansion. A month ago, Harrahs hired Peter Murphy, an executive from Disney, to oversee strategy and development because of his international efforts at Disney. One of the first areas Murphy will be asked to expand will be Macau, China, which passed Las Vegas as the lar gest casino gambling region in 2007.Harrahs is also predicted to partner with a casino operator that already holds a gaming license in Macau. Currently only six operators have gaming licenses in Macau including Las Vegas Sands, Wynn, Galaxy Entertainment, Melco jacket crown Entertainment, STDM, and a partnership between MGM Mirage and Chinese casino mogul, Pansy Ho. It is most likely that Harrahs will partner with Melco Crown Entertainment (Melco). Melco is an Australian-based company that focuses on the mid-market customer like Harrahs. Harrahs first international expansion effort in 1996 was in nearby New Zealand.Despite not having a gaming license, Harrahs already has a presence in Macau. The company owns a 5-star golf center, which includes a golf school led by Butch Harmon, the number one golf instructor in the US. peradventure more importantly is the land Harrahs owns in Macau, including the 175 acres of their golf center. The location of the land is also beneficial as it is adjacent to one of only two bridges into Macau from China. Earlier this year, Michael Chen, Harrahs Asia president, said, as the largest gaming operator in the world, we have an interest in the largest gaming market in the world17.Harrahs is also predicted to develop online gaming operations for the UK market. Harrahs, on with MGM Mirage, are the two largest proponents to decriminalize online gambling. Earlier this year, Harrahs established a subsidiary in Montreal to formulate an online gaming strategy. Mitch Garber, the former CEO of online gambling giant PartyGaming, was selected to lead the operation. Despite being headquartered in Montreal, Garbers hometown, the UK market is the most probable future market. Also in the past couple of months, online gaming was approved in the UK.Harrahs is acquainted(predicate) with the brick-and-mortar casino operations in the UK as well. In 2006, the company acquired the London Clubs International. Establishing online gambling operations in other countries may also provide inroads to the online gambling in the US. As mentioned earlier, Harrahs is a strong proponent of legalizing online gambling and has been lobbying to have legislation introduced. Harrahs lobbying efforts appear to have started to bear fruit based on the introduction of a bill that proposes that online gambling be legalized and regulated in the US by Representative Barney Frank18.Additionally, Harrahs will acquire The Lodge Casino and Hotel outside of Denver. This move is consistent with Harrahs intention to be the number one or two casino operator in almost every major market in the US. In 1991, casino gambling was legalized in Colorado. Harrahs entered this market with two casinos in 1993 through Eagle Gaming, which Harrahs owned 1/6th. In 1996, Harrahs sell the Colorado properties due to limited growth and uncertainty about taxes. Except for Isle of Capri, a $33M market cap company, no major casino operator has operations in the Colorado market.M ost large casino operators are hesitant to enter this market because bets are limited to $5. Harrahs focus on slot machines and low-rollers will suggest that the company will reenter the market. Las Vegas Sands Corp. (NYSE LVS) History Las Vegas Sands is a casino resort company based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is the worlds leading casino based company with a market capitalization of 9. 72 billion as of August 2009. At one point in 2007, it had a market capitalization of $43. 7 billion, qualification its majority shareholder, Sheldon Adelson, one of the worlds richest men.The company owns and operates The Venetian Resort-Hotel-Casino, The Palazzo Resort-Hotel-Casino, and the Sands Expo and Convention Center in Las Vegas and the Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem(TM) in Eastern Pennsylvania. It also owns and operates The Venetian Macao Resort-Hotel and the Sands Macao in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region of Macau. In addition, LVS owns the Four Seasons Hotel Macao and is also developing the Marina Bay Sands(TM) integrated resort in Singapore. Furthermore, LVS is developing the Cotai disassemble(R), a master-planned evelopment of resort-casino properties in Macau. At completion, the Cotai Strip will feature approximately 21000 boards from world-renowned hotel brands such as St. Regis, Sheraton, Shangri-La, Traders, Hilton, Conrad, Fairmont, Raffles, Holiday Inn, and InterContinental. While the companys flagship property, The Venetian, is in Las Vegas, less than a third of LVS total revenues came from Las Vegas by 2008. Macao gaming industry revenues increased every year for a decade until 2007 and then fell in 2008. In January 2009, the revenues had dropped more than 30% from their levels in January 2008.Nevertheless, Las Vegas Sands three Macao properties generated 69. 6% of total revenues during 2008. After incurring a net loss of $164 million in 2008, LVS has set aside $3 billion in cash reserves as a cushion for its debt obligatio ns. Perspectives The companys primary business objective is to provide a bounteousness goal casino resort experience in order to drive superior returns on invested capital and to increase asset value. To achieve this objective, the company operates a must-see refinement resort at a premier location in the heart of the Las Vegas Strip.LVS captures premium room rates through a differentiated superior all-suites product. It drives hotel occupancy and casino utilization through the link to the Expo Center and the Congress Center. LVS caters to a higher-budget customer mix by offering a rum combination of assets and facilities. The firm leverages the casino resorts premium co-branding strategy to drive revenues and targets premium gaming customers. Culture of Las Vegas Sands (Big risks and big rewards) Experienced Las Vegas operators have historically been richly rewarded for taking big risks.For example, Adelson, LVS Chairman and CEO, constructed the $105 million Sands Expo & Convent ion Center in 1990-the largest privately owned building of its kind in the country. When it opened critics viewed it as a foolhardy expenditure for a gambling town that had a publicly funded convocation center. With the $1. 5 billion Venetian, which opened in 1999 next door to the Sands convention center, Adelson brocaded the stakes, betting that his flourishing trade show business could fill an upscale megaresort. He lured convention goers to the Venetian with bigger rooms and more hotel amenities, charging top room rates.Adelson proved to be a big risk taker and a big winner. He eventually refinanced the property and paid down the expensive loans, making the 4,049-room Venetian that opened a 1,000-room hotel expansion in 2003, one of the most paying casinos of all time. By making piles of money on hotel rooms, Adelson helped redefine a business that had focused on gambling revenue at the expense of other amenities. His success at the Venetian was imitated by competitors such as Mandalay Resort Group, now part of MGM Mirage, which opened a 1. -million-square-foot convention center in Mandalay Bay in 2003. The convention business, a big part of the Strips growth after 2001, has helped to maintain high room rates in Las Vegas during traditionally slower periods creating year-round demand. Las Vegas Sands was once the envy of Wall Street. In fall 2007, with seemingly unlimited growth prospects in Macau, which was the most lucrative gambling market in the world, the companys share price reached $150. Shortly after that, the company market value plummeted more than 90 percent.Some industry analysts argue that LVS executives played a key role in the financial decline, pushing ahead efforts to dominate the Macau gambling market and stretching the company thin, even as indicators showed that credit was drying up and tourism was faltering. Operations in Asia (Recreating the Las Vegas Strip in Asia) Macau, a semi-autonomous province of China, began welcoming westerl y casino operators in 2002 in an effort to rise above its roots as a unwell gambling den and broaden the regions appeal to Asian tourists with Las Vegas-style resorts.Las Vegas Sands was the first westward company to open a casino in Macau, in 2004. The early bet paid off. The company recouped its $240 million Sands Macau construction budget within a year of the opening. The casino, which has more than 600 table games barely fewer than 300 hotel rooms, primarily offered to Chinese gamblers for free, gained a foothold ahead of the resorts that followed. The company appears to be playacting respectably in desperate times, including achieving 92 percent capacity at the Venetian and 95 percent at Palazzo, at rates of more than $200 a night in quarter three of 2004.The Venetian Macau attracted a record 6. 6 million visitors that quarter. As the lead architect in Macau, Las Vegas Sands, which pound up out American competitors for rights to build one of two casino resorts to open in S ingapore in the coming year, is well-positioned to compete for opportunities in places such as Japan and Taiwan, where observers argue that casinos are simply a matter of time. Trends LVS has large exposure to the Macao gaming market and the company will fight any new or potential competitor there. In 2008, 69. 6% of LVSs total revenues came from Macao.The Venetian Macao alone produced $1. 9 billion in revenues during 2008 while the companys Las Vegas properties produced only $1. 3 billion that year. The Macao gaming market is largely dependent on the Chinese market and economy. While Macao gaming industry revenues had increased every single year for nearly a decade up until 2007, gaming revenues for the region started to decrease in 2008. Industry revenues in January 2009 dropped by 30% in comparison with revenues gained in January 2008 as the global economic crisis affected Asian gamblers.LVS is committed to Macao market exposure with its Cotai Strip development in the works and i f the market continues to worsen, Las Vegas Sands could see its female genital organ line affected accordingly (See Figure 5). Despite economic slowdown, LVS is expanding. The company is building new resort in Singapore, called Marina Bay Sands, and in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, called Sands Bethworks, despite the slumping casino industry that is ca exploitation companies like Riviera Holdings to default on their credit lines.Because LVS has already begun construction on these resorts, the company cannot cut the casinos funding even as it laid off over 11000 of its staff in 2008 to cut costs. As a result, the company has compile heavy debt. In March 2009, LVS had over $10 billion in debt from financing aggressive growth projects. The company has about $3 billion in cash to cushion upcoming debt obligations but LVSs expansion investments occurred at the beginning of a global recession, worsening the firms financial positions. At the end of 2008, LVS assets were valued at $17. billio n, over 38% higher than its $12. 4 billion in liabilities. Macaos gaming laws and taxes are relatively new and have a few precedents, making them quite vulnerable to sudden change. China has a large and affluent middle class, but for many years travel and currency restrictions have made it difficult and undesirable for visitors to come to Macao. The Chinese government relaxed many of these restrictions in 2002 when it first give gaming licenses and ended its state-run gaming monopoly. As a result, the Macao gaming market grew to generate over $928 million in revenues in January 2009.Predictions (short and long term) for Las Vegas Sands In the next 1- 2 years the expectation is that Las Vegans Sands will maximize the cash flow from its current operations in Las Vegas and Macau, including through the implementation of annualized cost savings. At the same time, the firm needs to complete on time and on budget the properties presently under development in Singapore and Bethlehem, Penn sylvania in order to stay afloat. Long term Las Vegas Sands will keep increasing investments in Cotai Strip, the area that is rapidly transforming Macau into a world-class resort destination.The company could potentially expand in Japan, Thailand, and India as it looks for growth opportunities in the vibrant Asian region. Wynn Resorts, Limited (Ticker WYNN) Wynn Resorts, a Nevada corporation, was formed in June 2002, is led by Chairman and CEO, Stephen A. Wynn, and is a leading developer, owner, and operator of destination casino resorts. Wynn Resorts owns and operates three casino resorts Wynn Las Vegas, Encore at Wynn Las Vegas, and Wynn Macau. In addition to these three properties, Wynn is shortly constructing Encore at Wynn Macau, an expansion of the Wynn Macau resort.During 2008, the casino resort business experienced difficulties due to a number of factors impact consumers, including a slowdown in global economies, contracting credit markets, and reduced consumer spending. St eve Wynn is the preeminent designer, developer and operator of destination casino resorts and has developed brand name status. Wynns involvement with the casino resorts provides a distinct advantage over other gaming enterprises. All of the Wynn resorts are designed and built to provide a premium experience.The casinos are marketed as full-service luxury resorts and casinos in the leisure, convention, and tour and travel industries. The resorts are marketed directly to gaming customers using database marketing techniques, as well as traditional incentives. While there is significant competition in the Las Vegas and Macau markets, Wynn seeks to differentiate from other major resorts by concentrating in its fundamental elements of design, atmosphere, personal service, and luxury. Intentions / Beliefs of Wynn ResortsIn relation to MGM Mirage, Wynn Resorts competes in similar geographic markets, primarily Las Vegas and Macau, with secondary markets in Atlantic City, Riverboats, etc. How ever, based upon Wynns detailed disclosures in its public financial statements, press releases, and transcripts from earnings calls, Wynn Resorts believes that it has a fundamental core competency in providing an atmosphere of the utmost luxury. Therefore, it may be possible that while Wynn Resorts and MGM Mirage compete in the same geographic markets, the companies will compete for a slightly different customer base.Wynn Resorts has consistently targeted those customers with a very large net worth and require the most luxurious accommodations. In that regard, Wynn Resorts has found that it is not necessary to typically use comps and other forms of customer promotions to attract the wealthiest clients. The company attempts to portray itself as the top-tier casino-hotel, providing unmatched services for those individuals that demand the very best in customer service and quality.Therefore, it appears that Wynns intentions are to attract customers through the marketing of its luxuriou s hotel-casino properties, particularly in Macau. In Wynns 2008 annual report, expansion plans were depict for the Macau geographic area. We have commenced construction of Encore at Wynn Macau, a further expansion of Wynn Macau. Encore at Wynn Macau will add a fully-integrated resort hotel to Wynn Macau, planned to include approximately 400 luxury suites and four villas along with restaurants, additional retail space and additional VIP gaming space.We expect Encore at Wynn Macau to open in 201019. In addition, Wynn Resorts has improved approximately 142 acres of land for use as a golf course in the Las Vegas area. However, no future improvements are planned due to the current economic environment. Based on these disclosures, MGM Mirage management can be certain that Wynn Resorts continues to belief that its best prospects for growth are in the Asian gaming market, evidenced by its expanding construction projects in the Macau region. Wynn Resorts also believes that future developmen t opportunities in the Las Vegas area may present profitability.However, current economic conditions may not make these development projects profitable in the near-term. Meanwhile, Wynn Resorts expects that MGM Mirages CityCenter project, along with other Las Vegas expansion projects by industry competitors present significant competitive challenges in the near-term. Past moves, countermoves, and timing of Wynn Resorts Since its inception in 2002, Wynn Resorts has attempted to distinguish itself amongst the fierce competition in the casino industry by developing casinos that are state-of-the-art, cutting-edge, and luxurious.Wynn Resorts attempts to attract the wealthiest of customers that have a appositeness to spend more of their disposable income on luxury items, specifically gambling-related activities. As a result, Wynn Resorts is not besides concerned with differentiating their products based upon price. Wynn Resorts is focused on product differentiation. This is evident by W ynn Resorts statement that we are attempting to differentiate the Wynn products. However, at this time, we are uncertain how our customers will value the existing Wynn properties on a relative buttocks20.Wynn Resorts is attempting to differentiate its casinos from one another not based upon price, but based upon qualitative factors such as the availability of restaurants, spa services, shopping boutiques, nightclubs, etc. Typically, competitors in the casino industry have limited strategy initiative options. These options include expanding to new domestic markets, expanding to new international markets, and providing additional services at be casino-hotels. During the past several years, Wynn Resorts has chosen to avoid providing additional services at pre-existing casino-hotels (i. . Wynn Las Vegas), but preferably move forward with large expansion projects both domestically and internationally (Encore at Wynn Las Vegas and Wynn Macau). Relative resource position of Wynn Resorts As of year-end 2007, Wynn Resorts held approximately 8% of the total market share in the Nevada region, as compared to 18% market share owned by MGM Mirage. As stated previously, Wynn Resorts currently has three casinos, two in Las Vegas, one in Macau) as compared to MGM Mirages twenty casinos. Recently, Wynn Resorts has been noncommittal in its disclosures regarding future expansion projects.Wynn Resorts is in a position of strength in terms of financial stability, as its financial statements introduction large amounts of current assets along with positive cash flows and manageable debt ratios. Wynn Resorts has a risk-averse attitude towards the growth of its dimension sheet. The company is not highly leveraged and has over $1 billion in cash to assist in absorbing losses during the current recession. An additional source of competitive advantage for Wynn Resorts is the leadership of Stephen Wynn. Mr.Wynn has several decades of experience in the gaming industry, and has been ins trumental in the construction of the Bellagio, the Mirage, and Wynn Las Vegas. Generally speaking, Steve Wynn is known as The Man Who Helped reinvent Las Vegas. Mr. Wynns importance to the organization is paramount, and The loss of Stephen A. Wynn would significantly harm Wynns business21. When considering brand and image, Wynn Resorts has strong brand loyalty amongst customers in the high roller community, as well as strong brand recognition in Las Vegas and Macau.However, due to the lack of presence in other areas of the United States, Wynn Resorts is not currently leveraging the notoriety of its brand name and Steve Wynns reputation as an innovative leader in the industry. Predictions (short and long term) for Wynn Resorts Given the strong financial position of Wynn Resorts and their historically selective approach to casino expansion, Wynn Resorts will not expand the number of casinos in operation in the near term (12- 18 months). On November 2009, Wynn Resorts has stated to its shareholders that they would not focus efforts on expanding in the U.S. until the business environment improved. Instead, it is predicted that Wynn Resorts will instead make enhancements to their two existing casinos in the Las Vegas market. In response to our evaluation of our Las Vegas operations and the reactions of our guests, we have and expect to continue to make enhancements and refinements to our resort, the company said this week in its quarterly financial report in November 2009. The project expansion in the casinos will enhance the availability of pools, food and beverage services, and nightlife offerings.MGM Mirage may respond to Wynns actions by also expanding upon its casino customer offerings. Furthermore, MGM Mirage should also avoid direct casino expansion during a depressed economic environment. Instead, MGM Mirage should strive for financial stability while attracting customers with non-gaming services and accommodations. Being that Las Vegas is a mature market w ith several strong competitors, MGM Mirage may consider its presence in other domestic regions in the Midwestern section of the United States.Over the next 18 48 months, however, Wynn Resorts will continue to engage in competition as it relates to worldwide casino expansion. By analyzing the growth in industry revenue, and the statistics described regarding market commonality, Wynn Resorts will most likely directly engage in a battle with Las Vegas Sands for market share position in the Macau region. Additionally, Wynn Resorts will continue its financially frugal decision-making patterns by buying racinos and undervalued real estate properties with the intention of capturing profits through capital appreciation.These types of purchases by Mr. Wynn and Wynn Resorts have been consistent with actions represent during the past three years. MGM Mirage may engage in the competition for casino expansion in the Macau region, but should be cautious in making full-scale investments into a c asino market already fully dominated by Las Vegas Sands and Wynn Resorts. Instead, cooperative arrangements and joint ventures may be suitable alternatives (See Figure 6). heavyset and ConclusionsThe casino hotel industry is sensitive to changes in the consumers disposable income, domestic and international travel volume proximity to consumer base, as well as government regulations. The industry structure consists of high barriers to entry, moderate rivalry that is limited to 4-5 main competitors, limited bargaining power of buyers, allowing for the possibility of near-term profitability. The pair-wise model utilized provided a comprehensive understanding of the focal firm, the focal firms competitors, the rivals intentions, and facilities the extrapolation of feasible strategies for the focal firm.In order for MGM Mirage to create a competitive advantage, the company should focus on geographic expansion in US and on international expansion, through cooperative arrangements with ot her industry players, improved operational efficiency to minimize costs, and technological advancement to maximize revenue. In the short term, MGM Mirage may be able to extract profits from the market by creating a competitive advantage but long term the industry structure, negative social, political, and economic forces will negatively affect the growth aspects of the industry.